新航道

Section 1

Version

Topic

V08101

参观海洋馆订票

Questions 1-7

Names of organization:  1. Sandy’s College

Address:              2. No.6 Beach Road

Contact numbers:       3. 077658143

Numbers of people:     4. 14

(one of members uses  5. wheelchair)

Date:                 6. 31 October

Payment              7. cheque / check

Questions 8-10

Which three attractions do they book?

A. Coral Reefs

B. Ocean trenches

C. Fish nursery

D. Rock Pool

E. Diving history

F. Rare Fish

G. Habitat conservation

Section 2

Version

Topic

V11116

Campsite Guidance

Questions 11-15 Matching

11. Field: B. finding lost children

12. Stage 2: D. have dance classes

13. Riverside: G. see latest films

14. Green Lounge: F. listen to music band

15. Gateway: E. see a children’s entertainer

Questions 16-20 Mapping

16. Caravan Park: B

17. Field Campsite: A

18. Meadow Campsite: G

19. Cash Point: F

20. Family Tent: E

Section 3

Version

Topic

V11129

Reflective portfolio

Questions 21-26 Multiple Choice

21. What should be included in Mike’s first Reflective Learning Module?

A. the aim of this module

22. What can be shown that Mike is an effective communicator?

C. listen to others

23. What can be done by Mike to improve his skill as an effective communicator?

B. to lead a group discussion

24. What should be done to prove Mike is a critical learner?

B. based on a range of sources

25. What does Mike feel after talking with Laura?

A. he is looking forward to it

26. What should be mentioned in the learning portfolio?

A. self-awareness

Questions 27-30 Matching

What reason does Laura give as using the following samples in the reflective journal?

27. essay: B. identify a problem

28.exam: C. gain confidence

29. class note: D. show independent learning

30. presentation note: F. style of learning

Section 4

Version

Topic

V15129

入侵植物

Questions 31-40 ONE word only

   Invasive species can take over a 31. garden.

   The phenomenon is mainly caused by 32. humans/ people.

Common Broom

   is originally from 33. Europe

   has a major impact on 34. timber industry

   Biological measures to control is to use 35. insects

Japanese Berries

   is originated from 36. Russia

   yellow 37. tissues

   grow in 38. pairs called ultimate leaves

   impact the diet and 39. migration pattern

   can be used to cure 40. digestive/ digested disease

Passage 1

Topic

Back to wild

Content Review

The Przewalski Horse is the last wild horse. The horse is named after the Russian colonel Nikolai Przhevalsky (the name is of Polish origin and "Przewalski" is the Polish spelling). He was the explorer and naturalist who first described the horse in 1881, after having gone on an expedition to find it, based on rumors of its existence. Many of these horses were captured around 1900 by Carl Hagebeck and placed in zoos. As noted above, about twelve to fifteen reproduced and formed today's population.

The World Wild Fund is supporting the  Przewalski Horse project. Przewalski’s horses, named after the Russian explorer who first described them scientifically, Nikolai Przewalski, were once native to China and travelled freely across the wilds of the Eurasian steppe covering Russia, Mongolia, and Eurasia. But they were driven to the brink of extinction after Przewalski’s 19th-century discovery of the species led to an increase in their appeal. Many were killed or captured and taken to zoos across the world, while others were displaced by human land use. Of the 2,000 Przewalski’s horses left in the world today, only 300 live in the wild, having been part of reintroduction programmes first.

Colonel Nilokai Przewalski identified different kind of the horse by using the bone and skins of the horse. They are very difficult to catch and there are only a few that exist in the zoo.

A scientist named Feh first put the horse in a zoo, and then sent them back to the wild, The Causse Mejan landscape in France is quite similar from that in Mongolia where the horse used to live. He spent 6000hours to do the experiment, to change the nature of the Przewalski horse to attack and fight other horse species. Then Feh took the horse to Mongolia to roam in an area of 13000 hectares grassland once the horse used to live. Feh’s project is also known as “Wild Horse Mesh”.

There are 37 Przewalski Horse in the project, and they are served as genetic reservoir if their species is under threat of extinction. There are three group of the Przewalski horse in the plan which has been reestablished by Feh.

If Przewalski’s horses breed with domestic horses, they produce fertile hybrids, which has the potential to quickly adulterate the species and undo the work of the project. So, organisers have decided first to place the horses in a fenced-off area to stabilise the population and fend off the risk of losing their gene pool.

The native population declined in the 20th century due to a combination of factors, with the wild population in Mongolia dying out in the 1960s. The last herd was sighted in 1967 and the last individual horse in 1969. Expeditions after this failed to locate any horses, and the species had been designated "extinct in the wild" for over 30 years.

After 1945 only two captive populations in zoos remained, in Munich and in Prague. The most valuable group, in Askania Nova, Ukraine, was shot by German soldiers during World War Two occupation, and the group in the United States had died out. Competition with livestock, hunting, capture of foals for zoological collections, military activities, and harsh winters recorded in 1945, 1948 and 1956 are considered to be the main causes of the decline in the Przewalski's horse population. By the end of the 1950s, only 12 individual Przewalski's horses were left in the world.

The species is being reintroduced to their original habitat after 20 years of extinction in the wild.20years of the horse being extinct in the wild as a result of hunting, capture and habitat loss. The decline of pasture in Mongolia is mainly because of grazing pressure. The scientists are now discussing with the local people about the horse and protect them together.

Questions & Answers

Questions 1-4 T/F/NG

1. The organization WWF (World Wild Fund)is supporting Horse Project around the world. NOT GIVEN

(原文只是提到了WWF支持的是本文研究的Przewalski Horseproject，但没有提到是世界范围的项目)

2. Colonel Nilokai Przewalski identified the different species of the horse by experiment of live animals. FALSE

(原文提到的是用skin he bones 做研究，但没有说是活的动物)

3. It is difficult for zoos to acquire Prezewalski Horse. TRUE

(原文提到很难capture这种马)

4. The CausseMejan landscape in France is different from that in Mongolia where the horse used to live. FALSE 

(原文提到了法国的landscape和蒙古的是极为相似的similar)

Questions 5-9

Save the Przewalski Horse

5. Since the year of 1876, you can only see the Przewalski Horse at zoos.

6. A scientist named Feh choose eleven horse to live in France because of their genetic compatibility.

7. Feh spend 6000 hours to make the aggressive nature of the Przewalski Horse change.

8. Feh’s herd was released to Mongolia to walk freely in an area of 13,000 hectares land.

9. Feh’s project was known as Wild Horse Mesh.

Questions 10-13 short answer questions NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS

10. What can the herd 37 Przewalski Horse provide if their species is under the risk of dying out?

Genetic reservoir

11. What cause the loss of pasture in Mongolia?

Grazing pressure

12. How many group of the Przewalski Horse does Feh have reestablished in the plan?

Three

13. In contrast with Feh, what do other scientists prefer to focus on in the study of human and animal behavior?

Studies of competition

Passage 2

Topic

Close to nature, but what is art?

Content Review

A

Art changes over time and our idea of what art is changing too. For example, objects originally intended for devotional, ritualistic or recreational purposes may be recategorized as art by members of other later civilizations, such as our own, which no longer respond to these purposes.

B

What also happens is that techniques and crafts which would have been judged inartistic at the time they were used are reassessed. Life-casting is an interesting example of this. It involved making a plaster mould of a living person or thing. This was complex, technical work, as Benjamin Robert Haydon discovered when he poured 250 litres of plaster over his human model and nearly killed him. At the time, the casts were used for medical research and, consequently, in the nineteenth century life-casting was considered inferior to sculpture in the same way that, more recently, photography was thought to be a lesser art than painting. Both were viewed as unacceptable shortcuts by the 'senior' arts. Their virtues of speed and unwavering realism also implied their limitations; they left little or no room for the imagination.

C

For many, life-casting was an insult to the sculptor's creative genius. In an infamous lawsuit of 1834, a moulder whose mask of the dying French emperor Napoleon had been reproduced and sold without his permission was judged to have no rights to the image. In other words, he was specifically held not to be an artist. This judgement reflects the view of established members of the nineteenth-century art world such as Rodin, who commented that life-casting 'happens fast but it doesn't make Art'. Some even feared that 'if too much nature was allowed in, it would lead Art away from its proper course of the Ideal'.

D     

The painter Gauguin, at the end of the nineteenth century, worried about future developments in photography. If ever the process went into colour, what painter would labour away at a likeness with a brush made from squirrel-tail? But painting has proved robust. Photography has changed it, of course, just as the novel had to reassess narrative after the arrival of the cinema. But the gap between the senior and junior arts was always narrower than the traditionalists implied. Painters have always used technical back-up such as studio assistants to do the boring bits, while apparently lesser crafts involve great skill, thought, preparation and, depending on how we define it, imagination.

E   

Time changes our view in another way, too. Each new movement implies a reassessment of what has gone before. What is done now alters what was done before. In some cases, this is merely self-serving, with the new art using the old to justify itself. It seems to be saying, ‘Look at how all of that points to this! Aren't-we clever to be the culmination of all that has gone before?' But usually it is a matter of re-alerting the sensibility, reminding us not to take things for granted. Take for example, the cast of the hand of a giant from a circus, made by an anonymous artist around 1889, an item that would now sit happily in any commercial or public gallery. The most significant impact of this piece is on the eye, in the contradiction between unexpected size and verisimilitude. Next, the human element kicks in, you note that the nails are dirt-encrusted, unless this is the caster's decorative addition, and the fingertips extend far beyond them. Then you take in the element of choice, arrangement, art if you like, in the neat, pleated, buttoned sleeve-end that gives the item balance and variation of texture. This is just a moulded hand, yet the part stands utterly for the whole. It reminds us slyly, poignantly, of the full-size original.

F    

But is it art? And, if so, why? These are old tediously repeated questions to which artists have often responded, 'It is art because I am an artist and therefore what I do is art'. However, what doesn't work for literature works much better for art - works of art do float free of their creators' intentions. Over time the 'reader' does become more powerful. Few of us can look at a medieval altarpiece as its painter intended. We believe too little and aesthetically know too much, so we recreate and find new fields of pleasure in the work. Equally, the lack of artistic intention of Paul Richer and other forgotten craftsmen who brushed oil onto flesh, who moulded, cast and decorated in the nineteenth century is now irrelevant. What counts is the surviving object and our response to it. The tests are simple: does it interest the eye, excite the brain, move the mind to reflection and involve the heart? Further, is an apparent level of skill involved? Much currently fashionable art bothers only the eye and briefly the brain but it fails to engage the mind or the heart. It may, to use the old dichotomy, be beautiful but it is rarely true to any significant depth. One of the constant pleasures of art is its ability to come at us from an unexpected angle and stop us short in wonder.

Questions & Answers

Questions 14-18 配对

14. an example of a craftsman's unsuccessful claim to ownership of his work   C (Unsuccessful claim to ownership of his work对应原文中的have no rights to the image.)

15. an example of how trends in art can change attitudes to an earlier work   E

(句子开头for example 明确给出了这个例子，结合上文艺术观点的改变，确定是E段。)

16. the original function of a particular type of art   B 

(人体倒模原用于医学研究，倒模被认为比雕塑低人一等就像摄影曾被认为不如绘画一样。)

17. ways of assessing whether or not an object is art   F 

(如何判断一个物体是否是艺术？原文直接回答了题干这个问题，“The tests are simple”。)

18. how artists deal with the less interesting aspect of their work   D

(Less interesting对应原文中boring bits和lesser crafts,让助手来做更无趣和没有什么技术性的工作。)

Questions 19-24 判断

19. Nineteenth-century sculptors admired the speed and realism of life-casting.   No

(十九世纪的雕塑家认为倒模速度快，但并不是艺术。)

20. Rodin believed the quality of the life-casting would improve if a slower process were used.   No 

(Rodin罗丹认为life-casting不是艺术，是对艺术的侮辱。速度的快慢不是倒模和雕塑的本质区别。速度慢是雕塑的必要不充分条件。)

21. The importance of painting has decreased with the development of color photography   No 

(绘画并没有因为摄影的出现而变得不重要，相反很坚挺robust。)

22. Life-casting requires more skill than sculpture does.   Not Given  

(对于各自技术要求的比较并未明确说明。)

23. New arts inspire people to view art in a fresh way.   No 

(新艺术不是鼓励大家去用新的角度看老作品，而是用老作品来证明自己。)

24. The intended meaning of a work of art can get lost over time.   Yes 

(F段，Few of us can look at a medieval altarpiece as its painter intended.)

Questions 25-26 单选

25. The main contrast is between

B. size and realism

26. What is important in terms of art

D. how people respond to it

Passage 3

Topic

Case Study: Cargill Dow LLC

Content Review

During the 1990s, Cargill agricultural company has converted corn to plastic.

Dow chemical company had access to market and created a joint venture with Cargill to establish Cargill Dow LLC which produced two types of plastic:

NatureWorks^TM PLA is mainly used for packaging.

Ingeo is used to make fibre for tissue production.

How It’s Produced

Produce carbon dioxide and water as a result of photosynthesis. The corn should go through the process of milling to obtain starch which then becomes unrefined dextrose (a type of sugar). After fermentation, lactitic acid which then goes through condensation to become lactide is obtained. Vacuum distillation and solvent-free melting are final steps. Polymer is finally got.

Competitive Products

PLA has been widely used in packaging and fibre production for some advantages. It’s grease-resistant and can provide better flavor and aroma carrier. It can resist ultra-violet so as to reduce the amount of color fading. Sportswear Makers apply PLA in the production of sportswear because it can absorb sweat from the surface of body and when blended with woolen and cotton, it’s more light and comfortable.

More Environmentally-friendly Production

PLA production involves large-scale fermentation through chemical processing to obtain value-added chemicals. It consumes 20%-50% less fossil fuels and releases less greenhouse gas compared with conventional plastic. It can absorb carbon dioxide and revert to earth when PLA is degraded.

It uses raw material which can be regenerated year after year.

Questions & Answers

Questions 27-30 matching

27. Scientists at Cargill agricultural company   B

28. Dow chemical company had contacts to   C

29. NatureWorks^TM PLA is used in   F

30. Ingeo is used to   E

A. Produce clothes

B. Can create plastic from a plant

C. Sell plastic made of petroleum

D. Produce agricultural products

E. Produce fibre

F. The manufacture of wrapping material

Questions 31-34 fill in the blanks

The Production of PLA

Questions 35-36 multiple choice

35. Number 2 Dent Corn used in PLA production    

A. Is not suitable for animals

B. Is nearly all for PLA production

C. Has not undergone genetic modification

D. Is specifically developed for PLA production

36. PLA is widely used in packaging when the food   

A. Is manufactured at high temperature

B. Is petroleum-based polymer

C. Is sold in big outlets

D. Has a strong smell

Questions 37 and 38

Which TWO features of fibre containing PLA are mentioned?   

A. It can take in moisture of the body

B. It can only be produced in dark color

C. It prevents athletes from sunburn

D. It allows big movements

E. It does not readily lose its color in the sun

F. It can be used in rainy and stormy weather

Questions 39 and 40

According to the passage, why PLA is environmentally friendly?

A. It’s produced at small scale

B. It involves natural processing

C. It uses clean energy

D. It uses renewable raw material

E. It does not produce greenhouse gases

F. It involves removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide

Task 1

Type of questions

表格

题目

The table gives information about number of people from five states of Europe living in each other’s countries.

Task 2

Topic

教育

Type of questions

讨论类

题目

Some people believe the purpose of education is to prepare individuals to be useful to the society, while others say the purpose is to help individual to achieve personal ambitions. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

People & Animal

Family

Pop star

Neighbours

Events

Indoor Games

Birthdays

Daily routine

History

Objects/Things

Jewellery

Vegetables and fruits

Boat

Bus

Places

Hometown

High school

Media

Newspaper and magazine

Advertisement

Computer

Abstract

Work or study

Transportation

Politeness

Sunshine

Names

Rainy days

People & Animal

Describe an interesting person from another country.有趣的外国人

Describe a businessman you admire.敬佩的商人

Describe someone who is a good parent.好家长

Events

Describe a time you moved to a new home or school.搬家、转学

Describe an enjoyable experience in your childhood.童年趣事

Describe a leisure activity near the ocean.海边活动

Describe a time you need to arrive early.早到的经历

Describe an interesting conversation you had with a stranger.有意思的谈话

Describe an English lesson you had.英语课

Describe a sport game you’ve watch.喜欢看的运动

Describe a (long) car journey you went on.汽车旅行

Describe an occasion when you helped a person.乐于助人

Objects/Things

Describe a book you want to read again.重读的书

Describe your favourite piece of clothing.喜欢的衣服

Describe a piece of art (like statue, painting).艺术品

Describe an important invention which has changed our life.重要的发明

Describe something you bought according to an advertisement you saw.因广告而购物

Describe something you bought recently that you were happy with.开心购物

Describe a traditional product in your country.传统产品

Describe an important letter you received.重要的信

Places

Describe a big company or organization you know.大公司

Describe an interesting place that few people know.鲜有人知的地方

Describe a place you know where people go to listen to music (such as a theatre or a music hall).听音乐的地方

Describe a dream home you would like to have.理想之家

Media

Describe a TV series or drama you enjoy watching.电视节目

Describe a piece of good news you heard from others.好消息

Abstract

Describe a (good) decision someone made.一个决定

Describe a rule at your school that you agree or disagree.校规

重点话题Sample Answer

Describe someone who is a good parent.

You should say:

Who this person is

How you know this person

What this person does

And explain why you think this person is a good parent.

Kobe Bryant is one of the most renowned basketball players in both the US and the world. And when it comes to raising children, he is also someone to admire. His first born, the 14 year old Natalia, has inherited Kobe’s talent and attitude in basketball and will start her training as early as 5 am every day, just like her father, only one hour later. When gift marries grit, success will definitely be reached.

Once Natalia came 4th in a game and refused to receive the trophy. But Kobe told her to embrace the defeat as a reminder that this was the last time she would finish 4th. Kobe never lectures Natalia like most parents do. His history and glory have pretty much got the job done.