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  Passage 1

  Topic：千禧一代/未来领导者

  题型:判断+选择+填空

  1-13 答案暂缺

  Passage 2

  Topic：涂鸦(Grafti)

  14-19为匹配题

  Questions 14-19

  Reading passage 2 has seven paragraphs,A-G.

  Which paragraph contains the fllowing information?

  Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.

  14 why chemically cleaning gaffti may cause damage. D

  15 the benefit of a precautionary strategy on the gentle removal C

  16 the damaging and accumulative impact of graffiti on the community E

  17 the need for different preventive measures to be taken to cope with graffiti C

  18 a legal proposal made to the owner of the bullding against grafft B

  19 the reasons for removing raffti as soon as possible. 暂 缺

  20-23为多选题

  Questions 20-21

  Choose TWO ltters, A-E

  Write your answers in boxes 20-21 on your answer sheet.

  Which two statements are true concerning the removal of gafiti?

  A cocktail removal can be safer than water treatment

  B small patch trial before applying a large scale of removing

  C Chemical treatments are the most expensive way of removing

  D there are risks for both Chemical and medication method

  E mechanical removals are much more applicable than Chemical treatments

  Questions 22-23

  Choose TWO letters,AE.

  Write your answers in boxes 22-23 on your answer sheet.

  Which TWO of the fllwing preventive measures against rafti are mentioned effectively in the passage?

  A organize more anti-graffiti movements in the city communities

  B increase the police patrols on the street

  C Build a new building with material repelling water

  D insalling more visible security cameras

  E Provide a whole new surface witha chemical coat

  答案暂缺

  24-27为填空题

  Questions 24-27

  Complete the Summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage 2.

  Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answerWrite your answers in boxes

  24-27 on your answer sheet.

  Ancient graffti is of significance and records the ..... of details life for that period.The police can recognize newly committed incidents of graffiti by the signature which is all..... that they are familiar with.Operatives ought to comply with relevant rules during the operation，and put on the suitable 2..... Remowal of grafti from a new type of coating surface can be much more convenient than using ....

  答案暂缺

  Passage 3

  Topic：The Discovery of Refraction折射的原理

  题型:标题+填空+匹配

  The Discovery of Refraction

  When light travels from one medium to another, it generally bends,or refracts. The laws of refraction gives us a way of predicting the amount of bending. Refraction has mamy applications in optics and technology.A lens uses refaction to form an image of an object for many dfferent purposes such as magnification A prism uses refraction to form a spectrum of colors from an incident bea m of light.Refraction also plays an important role in the formation of a mirage and other optical ilusions The law of refraction is also known as Snell’s Law named after Willbrord Snellwho discovered the law in 1621.Although Sne's sine law of refraction is now taught routinely in undergraduate courses the quest for it spanned many centuries and involved many celebrated scientists.Perhaps the most interesting thing is that the first discovery of the sine law made by the siteenth-century English scientist Thomas Hrriot(1560-1621 has been almost completely overlooked physicists despite much published material describing his contribution.

  A contemporary of Shakespeare, Elizabeth lJohannes Kepler and Galile Galileo Thomas Harriot(1560-1621) was an English scientist and mathematician.His principal biographerJWShidey, was quoted saying that in his time he was"England's most profound mathematician, most imaginative and methodical experimental scientst".As a mathematiclan, he contributed to the development of algebra and introduced the symbols of">"and"<"for "more than"and“ less than."He also studied navigation and astronomy.On September 17.1607.Hariot observed a cometater identified的Hailey-s, With his painstaking observations, bter workers were able to compute the comer' sorbit Harriot was also the first to use a telescope to observe the heavens in England He made sketches of the moom in 1609,and then developed lenses of increasing magnification.By April 1611he had developed a lens with a magnification of 32. Between October 171610 and February 26,1612he observed the moons of Jupiter which had already discovered by Gailileo. While observing Jupiter' s moon she made a discovery of his own:sunspots which he viewed 199 times between December 8 1610 and January 181613.These observations alowed him to figure out the sun's period of rotation.

  C He was also an early English explorer of North America He was a friend of the English courtier and exlorer Sir Walter Raleighand trwvlled to Virqinia a5 a scientific observer on a colonising expedition in 1585.On June 30,1585 his ship anchored at Roanoke Island off Virginia .On shore Harriot observed the toppgrphy flora and fauna. made many drawings and maps and met the native people who spoke a language the Englsh clled Algonquian. Harriot worked out a phonetic transcription of the natiwe people's speech sounds and began to learn the language which enable him to converse to some extent with other natives the English encountered.Harriot wrote his report for Raleigh and published it A Brief and True Report of the New Found Land of Vinginia in1588. Raleigh gave Harriot his own estate in Ireland and Harriot began a survey of Raieigh”s lrish holdings. He also undertook a studly of bllistics and shilp design for Rleigh in advance of the Spanish Armadas arival.

  D Harriot kept reqular correspondence with other sclentits and mathematicians especially in England but also in mainland Europe notably with Johannes Kepler. About twenty years before snell’ s discovery Johannes Kepler(1571-1630)had also looked for the law of refraction, but used the early data of PtolemyUnfortunately Ptolemy's data was in rror, so Kepler could obtain only an apoximation which he pulished in 1604 Kepler later tried to obtain additional experimental results on refraction and corresponded with Thomas Harriot from 1606 to 169 since Kepler had heard Harriot had arried out some detiled experiments. In 1606. Harriot sent Kepler some tables of refraction data for dfferent materials at a constant inident angle but didn't provide enough detail for the data to be very useful.Kepler requested further information, but Harriot was not forthcoming, and it appears that Kepler eventually gave up the orrespondence,frustrated with Harrio's reluctance.

  E Apart from the correspondence with Kepler there is no evidence that Harriot ever published his detailed results ornrefraction.His personal note show ever reveal extensive studies signifiantly predating those of Kepler Snell and Descartes. Harrlo carried out many experiments on refraction In the 1590sand from his notes it is clear that he had discowered the sine law at least as early as 1602 Around 1606 he had studied dispersion in prisms (predating Newton byaround 60years) measured the refractive indices of different liquids placed in a hollow qlass prism studied refraction in crystal spheres, and correctly understood refractin in the rainbow before Descartes.

  F As his studies of refraction Harriot's discoveries in other felds were langely unpublished during his lfetime and until this century Harriot was known only for an account of his travels in Viginia published in 1588, and for a treatise on algebra published posthumously in 1631. The reason why Harriot kept his results unpublished is undearHrriot wrote to Kepler that poor health prevented him from providing more information, but it is also possible that he was afraid of the seventeenth century'" s English reliqious establishment which was suspicious of the work carried out by mathematicians and scientists.

  G After the discovery of sunspotsHarrior's scientific work dwindled.The cause of his diminished productivity might have beena cancer discovered on his nose.Hariot died on July 2.1621in London but his story did not end with his death.Recent research has revealed his wide ange of interets and his genuinely original discoveries.What some writers describe a his thousands upon thousands of sheets of mathematics and of scietific observations" appeared to be lost until 1784 when they were found in Henry Percy's country estate by one of Percy's descendants. She gave them to Franz Xaver Zach, her husband" $ son' $ tutor, Zach eventually put some of the papers in the hands of the Oxford University Press but much work was required to prepare them fo publication and it has never been done. Scholars have begun to study them and an appreciation of Harriot’s contribution started to grow in the second half of the twentieth century.Harriots study of refraction is but one example where his work overlapped with independent studies carried out by others in Europe but in any historical treatment of optics his contribution rihtuly deserves to be acknowledged. feltsbro.

  27-31为配对题

  Questions 27-31

  Re ading Passage 3 has 7 paragraphs A-G

  Choose the correct heading. for, paragraphs B-E and G from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-x in boxes 27-310n your answer sheet

  List of Headings

  i A misunderstanding in the history of science ii Thomas Harriot's biography

  iii Unknown reasons for his unpublished works

  iv Harriot's 1588 publication on North America studies v Expedition to the New World

  vi Reluctant coo peration with Kepler

  vii Belated appreciation of Harriot's contribution

  viii Religious pressures keeping him from publishing ix Correspondence with Kepler

  x interests and researches into multiple fields of study

  Example Answer

  26. ParagraphA i

  27.Paragraph B

  28.Paragraph c

  29.Paragraph D

  30.Paragraph E

  31.Paragraph G

  32-36为填空题

  Questions 32-36

  Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 32-36 on your answer sheet.

  Various modern applications base on an image produced by lens uses refraction, such as 32.magnification And a spectrum of colors from a beam of light can. be produced with33. a prism/prisms Harriot travelled to Virginia and mainly did research which focused on two subjects of American 34. land and language After he also enter upon a study of flight dynamics and 35.Ship design for one of his friends much ahead of major Europeancompetitor. He un dertook extensive other studies which were only noted down personally yet predated than many other great scientists.One resultfor examplecorrected the misconception about the idea of 36.(the) rainbow refraction/refraction in rainbow

  37-40为配对题

  Questions 37-40

  Look at the following researchers(listed A-D)and findings Match each researcher with the correct finding

  Write your answers in boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet.

  NB You may use any researcher more than once.

  A. Willobrord Snell

  B. Johannes Kepler

  C. Ptolemy

  D. Galileo E.Harriot

  37. discovered the moons of Jupiter D

  38.distracted experimental calculation on refraction B

  39.the discovery of sunspots E

  40.the person whose name the sin law was attributed to A

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