新航道

  每周三的新航道名师说栏目

  特为广大烤鸭、托友而设

  专门请资深雅思、托福专家

  以专题方式为大家讲解各类备考干货

  名师说

  对不少考生来说，雅思大作文写作的主要痛点之一是“没东西写”。

  很多同学明明语法基础不差，也有相当的复合句写作能力，官考成绩却总是不尽人意。其中很大一部分原因在于，雅思大作文你犯了 “假”、“大”、“空”的毛病。

  而这一类“思维堵塞”的状况，是可以通过一定的技巧进行短时强化和弥补的。今天，我们就来聊一聊关于大作文主体段落素材的三种定位技巧。

  01

  圈出关键词，作分类或同义替换

  我们来看以下真题：

  When new towns are planned, it is important to build more public parks or sports facilities than shopping centres for people to spend their free time. To what extent do you agree or disagree?(2016.4.16)

  大家可以把题目中的关键词圈出来，此题中的关键词有public parks, sports facilities, shopping centers, people, spare time，思考以下，这些词可以如何替换或细分?

  比如，shopping centers 可以拓展为 shopping centers located in the downtown area, 或者 out-of-town shopping centers,。

  从商场所处的位置，就可以逐步拓展为市区郊区商场通常所具备的特点：比如市区的商场靠近人们的生活区(residential areas)，方便周边居民的日常购物(daily necessities)需要;而郊区商场占地面积大(take up large construction areas)，品种更加丰富(a wider range of goods)，价格也相对更便宜(buy sth. At lower prices)，等等。

  换个关键词，sports facilities, 每位同学可以思考体育设施有哪些?常见的场地设施有swimming pools, basketball courts, football pitches, gyms…等等，通过使用这类设施，人们可以减肥(lose weight)、减压(reduce stress)、保持一种健康的生活方式(lead a healthy lifestyle)。

  九分达人中的段落范例：

  If public parks and sports facilities are planned when housing is built, those who wish to use them will be there. Public parks can help encourage children’s activities, picnics for all the family, and above all they provide a green space where trees can reduce the level of pollution. Sports facilities, such as swimming pools, golf courses, gyms, hockey pitches, all help to encourage people to keep fit and use their leisure time in a way that advocate a healthy lifestyle.

  02

  对题目中所涉及的人群对象作细分

  真题如下：

  Governments should offer financial support to the care of old people, while others think old people should save money for their own future life. Give your opinion on this topic. (2013.6.6)

  这道题中的关键词有government, financial support, old people, save money 等，如果考生把重点放在对象分类上，也可以得出很多不同的老人群体，思考一下：什么样的老人需要政府提供资金支持?

  不难得出，收入少的老人(those with limited amounts of income)，生活在贫困地区的老人(old-aged citizens in underdeveloped regions), 健康状狂不好的老人 (old people who suffer from illness and diseases), 亟需政府帮助。

  九分达人范文分类实例如下(节选)：

  Firstly, despite the fact that people’s life in general has become much better, there are still many people who live below the average living standards, especially the people in underdeveloped areas, among whom old people are the poorest. These old people do have severe living pressure because they no longer work. Further financial pressure comes from the fact that their children may have inadequate means to help them, with many working people barely earning enough to make ends meet.

  提示：人群分类的常见指标有年龄、职业、地域、贫富、性别，等等， 考生尤其可以关注老、幼、贫等弱势群体 (disadvantaged groups)。

  03

  人与人之间的基本关系是经济关系

  学生由于年龄的特殊性，更多的是社会的消费者，对于经济方面深层原因挖掘容易忽略，但“钱”这个点分析问题根源的时候，非常好用。

  比如社会性问题如果和个人家庭或机构企业有关系，我们可以从收入、支出、成本等方面分析;如果与政府、国家有关系，可以从税收、财政支出等方面分析：

  In a number of countries, some people think it is necessary to spend large sums of money on constructing new railway lines for very fast trains between cities. Others believe the money should be spent on improving existing public transport. Discuss both views and give your own opinion. (C12真题)

  从“钱”的角度考虑，建造城际铁路的好处和问题分别可能是什么?

  好处：郊区地价便宜(much lower land prices)，一部分上班族(commuter)可以选择郊区安居市区上班

  问题：城际铁路造价不菲

  剑12范文节选如下：

  In addition, people tend to move further and further away from city centres, where land and houses are more affordable. High-speed rail allows these commuters to travel greater distances in a short amount of time. There is a flow-on effect here, because if we can reduce the number of cars on the road, we can also cut down on traffic jams and road delays.

  On the other hand, high-speed trains are expensive, and some believe this money could be spent repairing the existing forms of transport. Many cities, especially major ones, are facing an ever-expanding population and without an efficient traffic network, the communicating hours will be extremely painful for most city-dwellers. Another point that we should take into consideration is that not only motorways of a city could be upgraded, boats and ferries are also benefited from a budget focusing more on existing transport.

  以上三种为万能素材定位方法，适用与大作文的任何话题类型。

  · 对关键词的提炼分析，可以最大程度上避免偏题跑题的情况

  · 对人群的分类法则，体现学生的人文情怀和共情能力

  · 思考社会问题与经济的关系，帮助作文增加深度

  总之，技巧建立在思考能力和社会阅历之上，时间紧张的同学，可以根据剑桥真题和九分达人系列，多作提纲练习，经过一段时间的强化训练，相信能够在内容上与“假大空”说再见。