新航道

  12月7日SAT考试结束，新航道上海学校SAT频道的老师们带来了热乎乎的SAT考情回顾，希望对SAT考试的学员们有所帮助!

  写作部分：12月亚太区考题

  2019年12月SAT亚太区写作考题所选取的文章为Steve Lipsher于2013年在The Denver Post 上发表的“ The value of professional photographers can’t be overstated(原文附后)”，其主要观点为：专业摄影师的价值是不容忽视的。

  文章约835词，属于正常范围，虽然有一定数目的稍难词汇，但总体不难理解，写作技巧分析方面也没有太多障碍，属于中等难度。

  这篇文章与College Board发布的SAT Study Guide 2020里第157页Sample Passage 1(选文1)关注的问题有一定相似性。SAT Study Guide 2020上的文章作者是Peter S. Goodman，题目是“Foreign News at a Crisis Point”，于2013年发表于TheHuffingtonPost.com。

  Goodman指出，美国报刊杂志上外国新闻的占比急剧下滑，同时，新闻机构的专业国际新闻记者、驻外办公点的数量也都大幅下降，这些趋势都会带来负面影响。

  值得一提的是，上述两篇文章都提到了“citizen journalists(公民记者)”，这是什么概念呢?

  请看《中国日报》的报道：

  Citizen journalism就是“公民新闻”，指从新闻的采访写作，到编辑发布，都不假手于专业记者或编辑，完全由“读者”自己采写，这些读者则被称为citizen journalist(公民记者)。全世界第一位citizen journalism当属1998年在其个人博客中对克林顿Zip Gate性丑闻曝光的美国人德拉吉。

  公民新闻相较于传统新闻的优点在于可以在第一时间在现场进行real-time reporting(实时报道)。相较mainstream media(主流媒体)而言，也多了更多的vividness(生动性)。在突发事件的报道中，citizen journalism正在发挥越来越重要的作用。

  然而，SAT今年12月亚太考题与SAT Study Guide 2020上的“Foreign News at a Crisis Point”都深刻地分析了过于依赖citizen journalists的不良后果。

  写作技巧分析

  不难看出，文章作者Steve Lipsher用了包括但不限于以下几种手法来增强自己观点的说服力(原文附后)：

  技巧一：举例子(exemplification)

  例如，文章开篇提到的Bill Linfield是一个业余的摄影师，他免费或接近免费的投稿一旦被报纸或者电视等媒体接受，就意味着专业的新闻摄影师失去了相应的展现他们作品的机会。

  这就是作者用来说服读者的例子之一，以证明“劣币驱逐良币”的这一道理(严格来讲，是非专业性的作品挤压了专业的、需要精心打磨推敲的、更优质的作品的存在空间)。

  技巧二：引用(quotation或者citation)

  在描述非专业作品带来的负面影响时，文章作者引用了电视台9News的主持人Kyle Clark的评价：“Why is it that every time it snows that we whip out photos of our patio sets like we’re showing off baby photos of our kids? Is that really the best we can do?...Let’s be more original the next time the snow flies.”

  很明显，Clark在抱怨，citizen journalists们，即普罗大众们，非专业的新闻摄影师们，没能够拍出很精美、有原创性的雪景照。文章作者借由这样一段稍长的直接引用内容，来加强自己的观点—流失了专业的摄影师，也就流失了好的创意、好的艺术作品，十分可惜。

  技巧三：逻辑说理(reasoning)

  文章一开始的切入点是一位有极高拍照热情的非专业摄影师，他的作品被Summit Daily News免费使用，乍看上去，这类事件对社会影响较为有限，而且影响仿佛仅限于当地(Summit County)。

  但是作者巧妙地一步步铺陈开来，让读者逐步意识到，这个问题的影响实际远比开头所描述的的范围大很多。

  比如在第8段，他指出”Of course, the issue isn’t limited to Summit County.”读者们便能得知，全国范围内的报纸几乎都存在同样的问题。

  接下来，在第11段，作者说：”And it’s not just newspapers.”读者开始发现，在其它的媒体领域，不仅仅是报纸，专业的新闻摄影师生存之地也在不断被压缩。

  接近文章末尾，第17段，作者不再只是描述全国报纸、电视等相关的专业摄影师，而是提到：

  “Any professional photographer these days can recount being asked to take photos for free or to accept insultingly low fees”。也就是说，在日常生活的方方面面，专业摄影师的价值都被低估了，他们付出了劳动和心血，却没有获得相应的报酬。

  就这样一步步，作者把现在专业摄影师所面对的巨大压力一步步呈现、讲述给读者。

  The value of professional photographers can’t be overstated

  by Steve Lipsher

  1.Bill Linfield is a friend, a great guy and a superb amateur photographer who takes pride in his exemplary wildlife and landscape photos.

  2. So why is he persona non grata among the professional photographers in Summit County?

  3. Because Linfield freely — and that’s the appropriate word here — shares his work with the Summit Daily News, which never replaced its beloved longtime photographer, Mark Fox, upon his retirement and which instead relies upon the kindness of strangers for its Page 1 photos.

  4. “I take photos daily because I have a passion for it and enjoy sharing the beauty of where I am able to live and play,” Linfield said. “Besides, if I don’t share my photos, why am I taking them?”

  5. Local professional photographers lament that Linfield and others offering their work without compensation are enabling the paper to devalue photography, which they contend remains an integral part of newspaper storytelling.

  6. Matt Lit, a Summit County photography educator at Colorado Mountain College and a former news photographer, praises Linfield’s work as “quite stunning” but fears it is another step in the inexorable march toward the demise of professional photojournalism. Good photography lures in readers who, as a result, see the advertising that supports the news outlet, he said.

  7. “Once upon a time, I used to earn money selling my photos,” Lit said. “If I sold a photo to a television station to use on their broadcast, that’s air time and that’s valuable stuff. What’s the equivalent ad rate for that amount of air time or for that amount of newspaper space?”

  8. Of course, the issue isn’t limited to Summit County. Newspapers all across the country have been cutting photographer positions, with the Chicago Sun-Times in May taking the extreme position of eliminating its entire full-time photo staff, then saying four of the 28 will be rehired. (The Denver Post has not been immune to industry-wide downsizing, unfortunately, but it still retains the core of its top-drawer photographers, including two-time Pulitzer Prize winner Craig F. Walker.)

  9. Last month, David Becker of PetaPixel pointed out that the annual American Society of News Editors newsroom census, compared year over year, shows that U.S. newspapers are employing 43 percent fewer photographers, videographers and artists than they were in 2000.

  10. In many cases, media outlets now are asking reporters to take cameras with them on assignments or simply relying on “crowd sourcing,” in which “citizen journalists” — basically anyone with an iPhone in his pocket — can snap pictures and willingly share them.

  11. And it’s not just newspapers.

  12. Linfield’s work also has appeared periodically on 9News, where anchor Kyle Clark recently had the audacity to complain in a special on-air editorial that readers were sending in boring photos depicting snowfall on patio furniture.

  13. “Why is it that every time it snows that we whip out photos of our patio sets like we’re showing off baby photos of our kids? Is that really the best we can do?” he grumbled. “We live in one of the most beautiful spots on Earth, but we point our cameras toward the back porch … . Let’s be more original the next time the snow flies.”

  14. That’s right: Clark is protesting the quality of free photos that 9News receives from amateurs.

  15. Summit County photographer friend of mine, Tim Faust, doesn’t fault the media for taking advantage of free photography but does think that complaints like those raised by Clark are a case of beggars can’t be choosers.

  16. “It is supply and demand,” Faust said. “If people are willing to provide free images, then why should media pay for them? However, I take issue with a media outlet complaining about the lack of quality of their free images.”

  17. Any professional photographer these days can recount being asked to take photos for free or to accept insultingly low fees: friends want a “quick” portrait, businesses request “cheap” images for their websites and brochures, wedding parties can’t understand why they need to pay so much for what they don’t realize typically amounts to more than just a day’s labor.

  18. Yet just a few days ago, we were all reacquainted with some indelible 50-year-old images from newspapers that remind us how powerful good photography can be in telling a story: Jackie Kennedy standing stoically in her blood-stained pink dress and pillbox hat as LBJ took the oath of office on that crowded airplane, Ruby shooting Oswald, John-John saluting his father’s coffin.

  19. It is a shame that professional photography is being so undervalued today, and that’s made even worse when media outlets exacerbate the impression that it’s not worth paying for good photos.

  写作部分：12月北美考题

  2019年12月SAT北美卷写作考题所选取的文章为Susan Wojcicki(时任著名视频网站YouTube CEO)于2014年在The Wall Street Journal 上发表的“Paid Maternity Leave Is Good for Business(原文附后)”其主要观点为：“带薪产假制度对于女性休假者本人、她的家庭、她所服务的公司都会产生积极的影响。”

  原文章长约872词，总体通俗易懂，写作技巧的辨识方面属于中低难度。

  写作技巧分析

  Susan Wojcicki用了包括但不限于以下几种手法来增强自己观点的说服力(原文附后)：

  技巧一：个人经历(personal experience/anecdote)

  文章第一段描述了作者本人刚加入Google时的情况。她曾将车库租给谢尔盖·布林和Google的另一位创始人拉里·佩吉，作为办公场所。1999年，她加入了这个当时只有15个雇员而且并未开始盈利的公司，那时候，她正怀着自己的第一个宝宝。

  作为公司成长的见证者和推动者，在2014年，写这篇文章的时候，她已经是鼎鼎有名的YouTube视频网站的CEO(YouTube归属Google旗下)，并且身怀她的第五个小孩。

  她每次怀孕都享受到了带薪产假，而且带薪产假的时间逐步增长。作为亲历者，她并不是以一个大权在握的企业高管的角度来评判这个制度，而是从一个普通的女性雇员的角度来阐述带薪产假给女性带来的好处，以此来呼吁美国各州设置带薪产假这一人性化管理制度，显得十分诚恳、可信。

  技巧二：对调查或研究结果等的引用(citation of research and surveys)

  文中很频繁地引用了调查或研究结果，选取的调查或研究结果来自于公众信任的信息发布方，即权威机构，为自己的观点提供了强有力的支撑。

  比如，在第四段，作者引用了联合国的一项调查，她提到：“According to a survey released in May by the United Nations’International Labor Organization, the U.S. is the only country in the developed world that doesn’t offer government-mandated paid maternity leave.”以及第五段，她引用了美国劳工部的数据， “According to the Labor Department, that patchwork of corporate and state benefits covers only 12% of private workers. ”

  这两处引用都来自于非常专业的机构，从引用的这几句来看，读者们了解到这样一个事实：美国是发达国家里唯一一个还没有实行强制带薪休假政策的国家;能享受到公司或者工厂带薪休产假这一福利的雇员占比是很小的。

  引用调查和研究结果的例子在本文中可以说是非常丰富，从第六段至第八段，每一段都能找到对应的部分去例举和阐述。

  技巧三：逻辑说理(reasoning)

  较为明显的是，作者用了对比(contrast)，来说明带薪休假的好处： “Mothers were able to take the time they needed to bond with their babies and return to their jobs feeling confident and ready. And it’s much better for Google’s bottom line—to avoid costly turnover, and to retain the valued expertise, skills and perspective of our employees who are mothers.”

  这句话说明，如果这种人性化的制度不执行到位，那么公司的雇员流失率将会非常大，给公司带来的损失可能是高昂的。但相对而言，实施这项制度将增长女性工作的积极性，从而对公司本身产生明显有利的结果。

  Paid Maternity Leave Is Good for Business

  by Susan Wojcicki

  1. I was Google’s first employee to go on maternity leave. In 1999, I joined the startup that founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin had recently started in my garage. I was four months pregnant. At the time the company had no revenue and only 15 employees, almost all of whom were male. Joining a startup pregnant with my first child was risky, but Larry and Sergey assured me I’d have their support.

  2. This month, I’ll go on maternity leave once again—my fifth time—joining the nearly 5,000 women who have done so since I joined Google. And though I’m now CEO of YouTube (which is owned by Google), I’ll be entitled to the same benefits as every single woman at the company who has a baby: 18 weeks of paid maternity leave.

  3. Having experienced how valuable paid maternity leave is to me, my family and my career, I never thought of it as a privilege. But the sad truth is that paid maternity leave is rare in America, and the U.S. lags behind the rest of the world in providing for the needs of pregnant women and new mothers.

  4. According to a survey released in May by the United Nations’ International Labor Organization, the U.S. is the only country in the developed world that doesn’t offer government-mandated paid maternity leave. Every other developed country offers paid maternity leave benefits through social-security programs, so businesses don’t have to shoulder the entire cost. Paid maternity leave isn’t just a First World perk—the U.S. is one of only two countries of the 185 surveyed that does not offer it. The other is Papua New Guinea.

  5. There are two ways women in America can receive paid maternity leave. They can work for a generous employer that provides it as a benefit. Or they can live in one of the few states—California, Hawaii, New Jersey, New York and Rhode Island—that have publicly funded paid-maternity-leave laws. According to the Labor Department, that patchwork of corporate and state benefits covers only 12% of private workers. Low-wage earners, those in the bottom income quartile, have it much worse: only 5% get any paid maternity leave. The Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993 is a step in the right direction, but it is unpaid and doesn’t cover half the working women in the U.S.

  6. In study after study, the ILO and other labor and health organizations have shown how harmful a lack of paid maternity leave can be for mothers and their babies. Many times when faced with insufficient maternity leave, mothers choose to drop out of the workforce, leading to a considerable loss of income during a woman’s most productive years. Or it can force a woman back to work too quickly, with adverse effects on her and her child’s health.

  7. A quarter of all women in the U.S. return to work fewer than 10 days after giving birth, leaving them less time to bond with their children, making breast-feeding more difficult and increasing their risk of postpartum depression. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, suboptimal breast-feeding causes higher rates of infant illness and hospitalization that cost billions of dollars annually.

  8. Paid maternity leave is also good for business. After California instituted paid medical leave, a survey in 2011 by the Center for Economic and Policy Research found that 91% of employers said the policy either boosted profits or had no effect. They also noted improved productivity, higher morale and reduced turnover.

  9. That last point is one we’ve seen at Google. When we increased paid maternity leave to 18 from 12 weeks in 2007, the rate at which new moms left Google fell by 50%. (We also increased paternity leave to 12 weeks from seven, as we know that also has a positive effect on families and our business.) Mothers were able to take the time they needed to bond with their babies and return to their jobs feeling confident and ready. And it’s much better for Google’s bottom line—to avoid costly turnover, and to retain the valued expertise, skills and perspective of our employees who are mothers.

  10. Best of all, mothers come back to the workforce with new insights. I know from experience that being a mother gave me a broader sense of purpose, more compassion and a better ability to prioritize and get things done efficiently. It also helped me understand the specific needs and concerns of mothers, who make most household spending decisions and control more than $2 trillion of purchasing power in the U.S.

  11. I’ve been lucky to have the support of a company that values motherhood as much as Google. And I’ve been lucky to live in a state like California that supports working mothers. But support for motherhood shouldn’t be a matter of luck; it should be a matter of course. Paid maternity leave is good for mothers, families and business. America should have the good sense to join nearly every other country in providing it.

  数学部分：亚太&北美区

  亚太区

  出乎意料的，亚太区的考试内容继续重复美国本土今年六月份考试的某一罕见版本试卷内容(NAPH308)，分数曲线会大致呈现以下规律：

  Errors               Score

  -1                    770

  -2                    760 or 750

  -3                    740

  -4                    730

  -5                    710

  -6                    700

  -7                    690

  -8                    690

  相较十月份的考情，十二月份数学两部分的难度均有下降。其中非计算器部分难度下降幅度较大，除了在本份试卷各部分中难度最低，也使得其难度明显弱于计算器部分;相较于六月份的其他版本试卷数学两部分而言非计算器部分难度几近垫底，而计算器部分难度中等。

  除了考察常规知识点外，令学生印象深刻的考点还有：关于高次方程的解与相应函数图像与横轴交点的关系、多个函数极值的关系、指数函数的平移、一次方程组的求解、圆的解析几何表达式。

  北美区

  北美区周六的考试内容也在重复美国本土今年六月份考试的某一罕见版本试卷内容(NAPC303);非计算器部分除了在本份试卷各部分中难度最低，也使得其难度明显弱于计算器部分;相较于六月份的其他版本试卷数学两部分而言非计算器部分难度甚至垫底，而计算器部分难度中等。

  除了考察常规知识点外，令学生印象深刻的考点还有：二次函数的顶点式、线性/指数混合不等式的取值推断、三角函数计算、使一次方程有无穷解的条件、弧度制计算。

  文法部分：亚太区

  本次12月7日结束的SAT亚太卷的语法难度中等偏上, 相较近几次考试难度有所上升. 虽然考试的题型比较常规，篇章理解题目的增加加高了对考生理解文章细节要求， 总体时间比较紧迫。

  本次考试的考点比较常规，考点搭配比较均衡, 基本没有出现新奇特的考点。但是这次考试对细节和文章理解的要求比较高，这就使得考试的难度处在中等偏上。

  篇章内容

  Passage 1 Location matters

  生物学家研究稀有物种大陆龟的过程中发现它的行为与我们传统认知的偏差，之前只研究了小区域范围的。但是经过长期观察，这样结果是不科学的。只有多区域调查才能发现此类物种其实是活动范围比较大并且本身很活跃的。为了让研究的结论更科学，生态学家们对多个区域同时研究，最终得出更加准确的结论。

  Passage 2 Hip Hop meets native American tradition

  与印第安传统文章大意概述Hip-Hop和印第安文化混搭，能擦出怎样的火花?这篇文章主要讲述了一个印第安小伙子把自己的民族文化与Hip-Hop的嘻哈风结合在一起，唱出了自己的特征，一方面传播了印第安文化，另一方面也彰显了自己的个性。

  Passage 3 UNCLOS and the arctic

  文章讲述气候变暖北极的冰层融化，裸露了大量冻土和土地，它们的开发利用出现了争议。北极圈附近国家也开始争相行动，北冰洋大陆架的探索工作也是如火如荼地展开，不可避免的出现了争议。UNCLOS法案规定该区域内的自然资源归属于大陆架所属国家所有，平息了争议。

  Passage 4 A clothes career

  主要讲述服装设计师的商业模式和发展。Jason Wu为女明星制作的颁奖典礼的礼服精美华丽，设计理念得到了大家认同，从而名声大噪，自己的品牌的发展也这个品牌也渐渐进入时尚界的视野，名声大噪，欣欣向荣。Jason Wu的事例揭示了在当今社会，要想取得斐然成绩，一方面要有真才实学，另一方面还要学会营销自己。

  2020年备考建议

  1夯实基础，重点复习句子结构, 主谓一致, 名词所有格及标点(逗号, 破折号, 括号)等高频的考点。

  目前难点集中在标点题和动词题, 题型常规但对细节要求较高, 科技文中在一些专有名词上设计标点题, 对考生理解文本含义的要求较高。

  2 篇章题方面，主要考察论点论据间的对应关系, 文章主旨题, 合并句子题, 句子排序题及简洁性原则等. 其中文章主旨题和论点论据的对应关系题目多次出现。

  篇章题考察的重点放在对文本的理解上, 体现在文章段落结构和主旨以及论点论据对应关系, 考生必须在对文章和段落结构有清晰的把握的前提下, 才能在有限的时间内做对题目。

  阅读部分：亚太&北美区

  亚太阅读部分

  Passage 1 文学

  The Inheritance of Exile: Stories from South Philly by Susan Muaddi Darraj

  女主Siham与老公Nader从耶路撒冷来到美国费城，乐于探索新家周围的环境。这里街道布置得井然有序，人来人往。在这里居住也有优点，就是这里的意大利市场可以买到想买的所有的东西，从西红柿到咖啡豆再到浴巾，一应俱全。意大利市场很像耶路撒冷的集市，遍布商品和小贩的叫卖声，但和耶路撒冷不同的是，这里不能砍价。

  Siham回忆与老公Nader的恋爱故事。同样都是买了个钱包，她花了8块，而Nader花了14块，Nader被她砍价的功力吸引，在一定催化剂的作用下发生了化学反应，进而追求她。在她的眼中，Nader只不过是个美籍阿拉伯暴发户而已，当然在一系列互动之后，在Nader讨好她的家人之后，比如夸奖她妈妈做的辣辣炸豆腐丸子很好吃，做的酸奶很好喝，还让她的小妹妹骑在他脖子上。Nader成功的追到了她。由于Siham家乡经济下滑得厉害，她最后带着全家人移民到了美国。

  Passage 2 历史双篇

  1 Address in New York City at the Cornerstone Laying of the United Nations Building

  2 Some Reflections on Peace in Our Time

  第一篇文章选自美国总统杜鲁门在1949年参加联合国奠基仪式的演讲，表达了建立联合国的目的在于维护世界和平、解决国际争端以及为各个国家树立了公平和正义的标杆。同时也表达了致力于维护人权的决心。

  联合国总部是世界上最重要的建筑群，因为它象征着对和平和美好生活的向往。我们美国人为联合国总部设立在美国感到无比自豪，奠基仪式象征着联合国的发展迈入了新的历史阶段。它象征着联合国组织充满活力、稳步发展，将高效的处理、解决问题。它象征着全世界人民的希望与理想。我们希望最终每个国家都成为联合国合格的、忠实的成员国。

  联合国宪章很清晰的展示了我们解决国际问题的决心。它为所有国家设定了人权和公正的标准。这些标准不容忽视与违背。联合国宪章非常重视保护人权，并且各个成员国也意识到了保护人权对于政治、经济和社会发展的重要性。

  联合国建立和平世界的另外一个手段是促进经济发展。因此，我(杜鲁门总统)敦促尽最大努力利用现代技术与投资促进贫困地区发展。

  第二篇文章选自美国政治学家拉尔夫·本奇的演讲，其主要观点为联合国反映了人类关系的弱点及优秀的品质。因此，联合国有其优势也有其劣势，它很强大，同时也很懦弱，它例行职责的能力受到了很多因素的制约，比如国家主权，但其机动的灵活性也顺应了国与国之间的纷争，并在持续发挥其作用。

  联合国建立的宗旨是希望五个超级强国和谐一致的为建立更好的世界秩序努力。期望目前东西方及冷战的僵局结束。因为联合国的性质，每个成员国的行动都是依照自己的意愿，这使得联合国的行动力受到了限制。但尽管如此，联合国还是作为一个灵活的组织在国际间有效的发挥自己的作用。

  Passage 3 科学文章

  Oxygen: The Molecule that Made the World

  文章开头介绍出Carboniferous(石炭纪)有些巨型生物giants，作者猜测可能跟氧气水平有关，但缺乏现代生态学证据。传统观点认为polar gigantism是由于体型和温度的反比关系造成的，但是这么直接的关系无法很好解释polar gigantism。

  随后科学家提出了一个新的观点，即真正的反比关系不是体型和温度，而是体型和含氧量。随后研究证实了确实是这个关系，最后文章指出若大气变暖，会造成温度上升含氧量降低，amphipods动物面临生存风险。

  Passage4 社科文章

  Democracy for Realists:Why Elections Do Not Produce Responsive Government

  文章主要讲述美国总统选举对经济的影响。强调选民缺乏个体理性和政治信息，依赖群体/党派认同反向形成政治观点。选民往往会受到经济波动的影响。

  曾有学者认为选民的目光短浅会引发political business cycle，即在任总统想激发经济增长，从而产生不良的社会影响。但大量研究证实由于多种原因，两者关系并没有这么清晰。

  其后研究人员想要证实经济表现是否会因为在任总统听从目光短浅的选民所受影响，结果是electoral cycle与收入增长的关系更大，因为选民对收入增长的反应更强烈，而且收入增长更容易被操控。

  Passage 5 科学文章

  The Myth of Antioxidants

  本次最后一篇科学文章主要阐述关于衰老的问题。关于衰老的传统观点认为，衰老的机理是由于体内自由基的氧化导致细胞损害从而引发衰老。但是一个科学家G的实验却发现促进氧化后的虫子并没有加快死亡，他们的寿命和正常虫子一样。

  其他科学家也发现了相似的情况，以啮齿类动物里最长寿的裸鼹鼠为例，该物种生下来体内的抗氧化剂就比别的物种少，受到的氧化反应伤害也更大，但是它仍然是最长寿的啮齿类动物。这些研究结果反驳了传统的观点，证实了自由基等高能分子的正面作用。因此，人类对衰老的认知又要重新修正。

  北美阅读部分

  Passage 1 文学

  Dreaming in Cuban

  女主是一名艺术生，应其母亲的要求在bakery opening之前画画。但是女主特别注重隐私，开始担心母亲会半夜进到她房间偷看画，所以设计了陷阱以便于发现她是否真的进来。但是醒来检查“陷阱”，发现母亲并没有偷看。

  开业前一晚，女主有些失眠，夜里进到母亲房间想说画不下去了，但是当母亲醒了握着她的手，她原本准备好的话没说出口。

  女主男朋友帮她把画提前放到店里，用布遮住。第二天开业，放了音乐。母亲穿着整齐在店里免费发放甜点。在没揭开画布时，女主想象着会听到掌声。但是事实上，有个人指着她的画说“垃圾”，母亲当时看到画时，脸色都变了。但是听到别人这么说女儿的画时，她拿着包把那个人打走了。

  题目1：Which choice best describes the overall structure of the passage?

  答案：Suspense about a revelation builds to a surprising climax.

  题目2：Which choice best supports the idea that Pilar’s fear that her mother will secretly look at her painting is based on prior experience?

  答案：Lines 2-3 (“After all, her record doesn’t exactly inspire confidence.’)

  题目3：The main purpose of the second paragraph (lines 9-10) is to

  答案：Illustrate Pilar’s anxieties about her mother’s spying and her awareness that those anxieties may be unfounded.

  题目4：Based on the passage, which choice best describes how Pliar manages her feelings the night before her painting is unveiled?

  答案：She attempts to convince herself that if her mother is upset about the painting, that would be her mother’s fault, since she did not want to do the painting in the first place.

  题目5：Which choice provides the best evidence for the answer to the previous question?

  答案：Lines 36-38 (“I try to calm down… cornered me into doing this painting.”)

  Passage 2历史双篇

  1 Albert Einstein Warns of Dangers in Nuclear Arms Race

  2 Address to the Nation on Defense and National Security

  第一篇文章作者爱因斯坦观点：现在大国认为要通过加强核武器建设来进行国防。作者不支持该观点。他认为美国不能把核武器当做维护和平的军事力量，实际上核武器给美国和苏联都带来了不确定性。爱因斯坦认为通过战争不可能获得和平，而是要各国齐心协力，相互信任才能达到。

  第二篇文章作者总统里根观点：作者指出，通过核武器巩固国防是正确的，我们不发起战争，只是通过核武器进行防御。我们通过强大自己来保证本国和平，因为软弱只会遭受攻击。我们必须意识到我们的安全是建立在对一切威胁能够应对自如的基础上。苏联现在核武器发达，并且他们一直在研发强有力的导弹。而我们国家的导弹已经越来越过时。

  Passage3科学文章

  Darwinian Agriculture: How Understanding Evolution Can Improve Agriculture

  传统观点总认为杂交植物的生产力会比单交植物强。作者指出这个规律不一定适用于其它自然或农业领域。杂交植物生产力的平均值不一定比最好的单一植物生产力要弱。

  但文章给出的实验确实表明杂交的生产力更强。作者在后半部分给出解释说是因为单一植物的cover率很低，所以无法抗衡。不管是何种原因，这个实验的单一植物表现不佳不能代表绝大多数单一农作物的生产力。

  Passage4社科文章

  R’ Is For Red: Common Words Share Similar Sounds in Many Languages

  语言学家曾经认为语言的发音和意思毫无关系，但是新研究驳斥了该观点。科学家Blasi通过研究世界上三分之二的语言和用词发现这样的规律是存在的。

  这个研究的一个可能的限制是其涉及的含义还是很有限;另一个可能的问题是其他语言的一些细微变化并没有注意到。最后文章总结这个问题的答案还有待进一步研究。

  Passage5 科学文章

  Nature’s Clocks: How Scientists Measure the Age of Almost Everything

  本文主要通过carbon确定生命起源的时间。科学家们一直对生命的早期迹象非常感兴趣。他们认为生命迹象在Greenland rocks能找到答案。但是Greenland rocks太老了，不好确定是原来就sedimentary，还是igneous rocks。

  文章第二部分主要阐述通过碳12和碳13同位素来做研究的原理。得到的结果是Greenland samples确实显示了生命迹象。若此为真，就能大概确定sediments的年纪，从而知道地球上的生命最早是什么时候出现的。

  写作导师：蒋洋洋

  新航道上海学校SAT、ACT主讲，剑桥大学管理学硕士，中国国际关系学院英美文学硕士。英语学术实力雄厚，11年教学生涯中教过的SAT写作满分者不计其数，学生纷纷录取美国麻省理工大学、康奈尔大学、莱斯大学、范德堡大学、英国伦敦政治经济学院、英属哥伦比亚大学等顶尖名校。

  文法导师：龚雯

  新航道上海学校SAT、ACT主讲。上海外国语大学英语科班出身，连续四年获得奖学金荣誉。英语专业八级，持有高级口译证书及教师资格证书。2013年荣获新航道集团金牌教师称号。曾代表上海分校参加集团SAT教学研讨会。10年丰富的教学经验，学员录取哥伦比亚大学、康奈尔大学、宾夕法尼亚大学等各大名校。

  阅读导师：董玉秀

  新航道上海学校SAT主讲。大连外国语大学英语专业硕士毕业，英语专业八级，曾赴斯坦福大学访学。7年多一线教学经验，SAT高分及满分学员众多，学员遍及宾夕法尼亚沃顿商学院、哥伦比亚大学、芝加哥大学、西北大学、康奈尔大学等各大美国名校。

  数学导师：孟凌

  新航道上海学校托福、SAT、ACT、AP主讲。大连理工大学英语语言文学硕士毕业。英语专业八级，TKT英语教学能力证书持有者。良好的学术背景确保充实的课堂内容与多样的教学方法，硕士期间的科研经历更确保学生充分理解进而掌握教学中所贯彻的思辨能力与阅读方法。

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