科学美国人60秒：美教师对学生评价或受种族偏见影响

The ways teachers view their students can influence how teachers teach.

教师对学生的看法会影响到他们的教学。

Which affects how and what students learn.

而这也会对学生的学习方式及所学到的知识造成影响。

Now a study finds that a teacher's racial biases come into play in different ways for high-achieving kids versus low-performing ones.

现在一项研究发现教师的种族偏见在对待学习优秀及表现不佳的学生方面截然不同。

“There are actually students who are experiencing different perceptions—and those different perceptions play into very specific stereotypes and ideas about capabilities.”

“有的学生真的有截然不同的认知—而且这样的认知会对学生能力的刻板印象及观点造成影响。”

Sociologist Yasmiyn Irizarry of the University of Texas at Austin.

亚斯米·伊利萨莉是奥斯汀德克萨斯大学的社会科学家。

She published her findings in the journal Social Science Research.

她在《社会科学研究》期刊上发表了自己的研究结果。

Irizarry used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study collected by the National Center for Education Statistics.

伊利萨莉所使用的数据是国家教育数据中心在早期儿童纵向研究中所得到的。

She compared the test scores of more than 10,000 first graders to how teachers ranked their students in comparison to all other first graders.

在10000名一年级学生们的测试成绩中，她将教师对这些学生的评价同其它学生进行比较。

Teachers made accurate ratings of average students, regardless of race.

无关学生肤色，教师们对平均水平的学生做出了客观准确的评价。

But when considering students of color, teachers rated low-performing Black, Asian and Latino students more positively than they did their low-performing white students.

但涉及到肤色问题时，相对于成绩不好的白人学生，教师们对表现欠佳的黑人、亚裔及拉丁学生们的评价更加积极。

And teachers ranked high-performing minority students lower than white students at the same level.

但同等水平上，教师们对少数成绩较好的学生的评价要远低于白人学生。

Interestingly, the race of the teacher was not a factor in the skewed evaluations based on the race of the students.

有趣的是，教师的肤色并不是在学生的肤色问题上发生倾斜的其中一个因素。

On both ends of the spectrum, the teachers' predispositions could have detrimental effects on students.

这两种情况的结果都是教师的种族偏见会对学会产生不利的影响。

Either by insufficiently challenging gifted kids or not fully recognizing the needs of struggling young students.

要么就是为难有天赋的学生，要么就是对面临困难年轻学生的需求认识不够充分。