新航道

Section 1

Version

Topic

V13143

Festival Activity 艺术活动介绍

Questions 1-10

Art Festivals

Art Fair

1. This started in: 1960s

2. Several workshops will be held

3. There are 325 local artists.

4. The most popular art fair: photography

5. University Art Fair

6. Audience are mainly international students

Children’s activities

7. Kids can make models from clay

8. There are realist animals

Transport

9. A free purple double-deck

10. Leave the car next to entrance

Section 2

Version

Topic

V30020

A Seaside Walk海滨之行

Questions 11-20

11. The castle was built in

A. early 1930s

B. mid 1930s (原文：1450)

C. late 1930s

12. The castle lived for

A. 50 years

B. 100 years

C. 150 years

13. The walk starts from

A. Main Tower

B. Town Centre

C. Gate Lidlow

14. Black ope is interesting because of

A. rock

B. plant

C. wildlife

15. Nova Scoria is famous for

A. ruined village

B. wrecked boat

C. cave

16. Shard is unpleasant because

A. track rocks

B. animals

C. prickly plants

17. Shard is recommended for

A. flowers

B. sea view

C. animals

18. Which building can be seen from the hill?

A. the church

B. the factory

C. the lighthouse

19. The kipper smockery was established in

A. 16^th century

B. 17^th century

C. 18^th century

20. Which live creature can be found?

A. herring

B. lobster

C. whiting

Section 3

Version

Topic

V11114

两个学生Slister和Betty与tutor讨论ready-food

Food Science Tutorial

Questions 21-25

21. Slister and Betty decided to work together because

A. they need a lot of research

B. they had previous experience to work together

C. they separate the topic

22. The first piece of interview they will do would be

A. shoppers of the supermarket (原文：customers)

B. manager from the supermarket

C. manufacturers of the supermarket

23. The interviewee most concern about

A. the food additives

B. the weight problem

C. the cost of the food （原文：price）

24. The interviewed are surprised by the label because

A. too much detailed information

B. high salt level

C. so many food ingredients

25. Slister’s most concern is

A. not enough statistics

B. missing the deadline（原文：don’t have enough time）

C. lack of analysis

Questions 26-30 Matching

A. do it together

B. it is not worthy to do it

C. do it first because it is easier

D. find someone else to do it

E. do it later

F. need special training to do it

G. need more information before do it

26. providing the transcription of the interview         A

27. providing the analysis of the statistics             D

28. analysing the ingredients                        B

29. questioning the people when they are shopping    G

30. using audio recordings in presentation            E

Section 4

Version

Topic

V11140

一个城市(Red Hill))的现状和未来发展规划

Questions 31-40

ONE WORD ONLY

31. It was mainly in furniture sector.

32. Now the fast developed services sector is the most important industry.

33. The insurance companies employ 600 people.

34. The traffic is busy near the schools

35. 20,000 more jobs

36. build a new campus for the university

37. The aim is to reduce the traffic flow by 20%.

38. encourage cycling 

39. 100,000 square metres for retail use.

40. 80,000 square metres for office use.

Passage 1

Topic

Otters水獭

Content Review

A.Otter is one kind of mammal living in various areas around the earth. They evolved in specific shape of body in order to incorporate their living environment. They have two layer of fur which helps them to cope with cold in deep water.

B.Otter has a distinctively sensible nose like dogs, however, they also developed special organs to obtain underwater vision.

C.Otters are generally shy and wary spices, so they try to live a proper distance from human beings and other otters. As a result, most of them live far away from each other. But one particular kind of otter named Coastal Otter lives relatively closer to each other (only few kilometers).

D.Basically, otter`s favourite food includes crayfish, shrimp and even frogs. But in some particular circumstance, they also eat small mammals such as moles.

E.Otter has a comparatively short grow-up period which means they don`t take too long to reproduce their offsprings.

F.However, the number of otters has reviewed an obvious decline during the past decades. One of the key reasons is the misuse of the pesticide in agriculture causing a considerable mortality rate of otters.

G.Fortunately many measures has been deployed in order to maintain the population of this endangered animal. Reintroducing them from other habitat is one of them. Although different people hold the different view on how to protect the creature efficiently, there is still a sensible increase in their number.

Questions & Answers

Questions 1-9 Which paragraph contains the following information?

1. A description of how otters develop underwater vision   B

2. The fit-for-purpose characteristics of otter`s body shape   A

3. A description of otter`s stages of maturation.   E

4. A combating views on how to protect otters.   G

5. A reference of an underdeveloped sense   A

6. A description of some of the otter`s social characteristics    C

7. A reference of a legislation act to preserve the otters    G

8. An explanation of how otters compensate cold     A

9. A description of a negative effort on otter`s population made by agriculture failure        F

Questions 10-13 Answer the questions below.

Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.

10. Which organ is unnecessary for Asian short-claw otters?   

Webbing

11. What factor has the negative effect on otter`s outer layer fur?  

Salt water

12. What kind of otter lives in a relatively smaller habitat?   

Coastal otters

13. What kind of small mammal does otters occasionally eat?   

Moles

Passage 2

Topic

Roller Coaster 过山车

Content Review

Roller coaster

The great fairground attraction

How they move

P1

A roller coaster is something like a passenger train. It consists of a series of connected cars that move on tracks. But unlike a passenger train, a roller coaster has no engine or power source of its own. For most of the ride, the train is moved by gravity and momentum. To build up this momentum, you need to get the train to the top of the first hill (the lift hill) or give it a powerful launch.

P2

The traditional lifting mechanism is a long length of chain (or chains) running up the hill under the track. The chain is fastened in a loop, which is wound around a -gear at the top of the hill and another one at the bottom of the hill. The gear at the bottom of the hill is turned by a simple motor.

P3

This turns the chain loop so that it continually moves up the hill like a long conveyer belt. The coaster cars grip onto the chain with several chain dogs, sturdy hinged hooks. When the train rolls to the bottom of the hill, the dogs catches onto the chain links. Once the chain dog is hooked, the chain simply pulls the train to the top of the hill. At the summit, the chain dog is released and the train starts its descent down the hill.

Coasting through history

P4

The direct ancestors of roller coast-ers were monumental ice slides -- long, steep wooden- slides covered in ice, some as high as 70 feet -- that were popular in Russia in the 16th and 17th centuries. Riders shot down the slope in sleds made out of wood or blocks of ice, crash-landing in a sand pile.

P5

Coaster historians diverge on the exact evolution of these ice slides into actual rolling carts. The most widespread account is that a few entrepreneurial Frenchmen imported the ice slide idea to France. The warmer climate of France tended to melt the ice, so the French started building waxed slides instead, eventually adding wheels to the sleds. In 1817, the Russes a Belleville (Russian Mountains of Belleville) became the first roller coaster where the train was attached to the track (in this case, the train axle fit into a carved groove). The French continued to expand on this idea, coming up with more complex track layouts, with multiple cars and all sorts of twists and turns.

P6

The first American roller coaster was the Mauch Chunk Switchback Railway, built in the mountains of Pennsylvania in the mid-1800s. The track, originally built to send coal to a railway, was reconfigured as a "scenic tour." For one dollar, tourists got a leisurely ride up to the top of the mountain followed by a wild, bumpy ride back down. Over the next 30 years, these scenic rides continued to thrive and were joined by wooden roller coasters similar to the ones we know today. These coasters were the main attraction at popular amusement parks throughout the United States, By the 1920s, roller coasters were in full swing, with some 2,000 rides in operation around the country.

P7

With the Great Depression and World War II, roller-coaster production declined, but a second roller-coaster boom in the 1970s and early 1980s revitalized the amusement-park industry. The roller coaster in the 1980s is less popular than in the 1970s and 1990s.

P8

In the 1990s, Some of the most popular ride variations -- such as the curving corkscrew track -- saw their heyday around this time.

Questions & Answers

Questions 14-16 Label the diagram below

Questions 17-21 summary

History of roller coaster

The roller coaster is descended from the 16th century Russian slide with surface of 17. ice. But later when it was imported to France, The warmer climate of France tended to melt the ice, so the French started building 18. waxed slides instead, and a 19. train was attached. The first American roller coaster was built in mid-1800s. The track, originally built to transport 20. coal to a railway and was powered by 21. steam engine.

Questions 22-26 TRUE/FALSE/NG

22. The first modification of roller coaster was made in France.   NG

(文章中只是提及了法国将冰改为蜡，并未提及是第一次改良)

23. In the 1920s the popularity of roller coaster continued to increase.   F

(文章P7提及到美国经济大萧条影响到了过山车的受欢迎程度)

24. In the 1970s the invention of new forms of roller coaster appeared because of public opinion and necessity.   NG

25. The roller coaster in the 1980s is less popular than in the 1970s and 1990s.   T

(文章中P7有明确提及)

26. There have been varied forms of new roller roaster since the 1990s.   T

(根据第8段内容得知)

Passage 3

Topic

song of ourselves

Content Review

Section A

Music is one of the human specie’s relatively few universal abilities. Without formal training, any individual, from Stone Age tribesman to suburban teenager, has the ability to recognize music and, in some fashion, to make it. Why this should be so is a mystery. After all, music isn’t necessary for getting through the day, and if it aids in reproduction, it does so only in highly indirect ways. Language, by contrast, is also everywhere-but for reasons that are more obvious. With language, you and the members of your tribe can organize a migration across Africa, build reed boats and cross the seas, and communicate at night even when you can’t see each other. Modern culture, in all its technological extravagance, springs directly from the human talent for manipulating symbols and syntax.

Scientist have always been intrigued by the connection between music and language. Yet over the years, words and melody have acquired a vastly different status in the lab and the seminar room. While language has long been considered essential to unlocking the mechanisms of human intelligence, music is generally treated as an evolutionary frippery-mere “auditory cheesecake,” as the Harvard cognitive scientists Steven Pinker puts it.

Section B

But thanks to a decade-long wave of neuroscience research, that tune is changing. A flurry of recent publications suggests that language and music may equally be able to tell us who we are and where we’re from-not just emotionally, but biologically. In July, the journal Nature Neuroscience devoted a special issue to the topic. And in an article in the August 6 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience, David Schwartz, Catherine Howe, and Dale Purves of Duke University argued that the sounds of music and the sounds of language are intricately connected.

To grasp the originally of this idea, it’s necessary to realize two things about how music has traditionally been understood. First, musicologists have long emphasized that while each culture stamps a special identity onto its music, music itself has some universal qualities. For example, in virtually all cultures sound is divided into some or all of the 12 intervals that make up the chromatic scale-that is, the scale represented by the keys on a piano. For centuries, observers have attributed this preference for certain combinations of tones to the mathematical properties of sound itself.

Some 2,500 years ago, Pythagoras was the first to note a direct relationship between the harmoniousness of a tone combination and the physical dimensions of the object that produced it. For example, a plucked string will always play an octave lower than a similar string half its size, and a fifth lower than a similar string two-thirds its length. This link between simple ratios and harmony has influenced music theory ever since.

Section C

This music-is-math idea is often accompanied by the notion that music, formally speaking at least, exists apart from the world in which it was created. Writing recently in The New York Review of Books, pianist and critic Charles Rosen discussed the long-standing notion that while painting and sculpture reproduce at least some aspects of the natural world, and writing describes thoughts and feelings we are all familiar with, music is entirely abstracted from the world in which we live. Neither idea is right, according to David Schwartz and his colleagues. Human musical preferences are fundamentally shaped not by elegant algo-rithms or ratios but by the messy sounds of real life, and of speech in particular-which in turn is shaped by our evolutionary heritage. “The explanation of music, like the explanation of any product of the mind, must be rooted in biology, not in numbers per se,” says Schwartz.

Schwartz, Howe, and Purves analysed a vast selection of speech sounds from a variety of languages to reveal the underlying patterns common to all utterances. In order to focus only on the raw sound, they discarded all theories about speech and meaning and sliced sentences into random bites. Using a database of over 100,000 brief segments of speech, then noted which frequency had the greatest emphasis in each sound. The resulting set of frequencies, they discovered, corresponded closely to the chromatic scale. In short, the building blocks of music are to be found in speech.

Far from being abstract, music presents a strange analog to the patterns created by the sounds of speech. “Music, like the visual arts, is rooted in our experience of the natural world,” says Schwartz. “It emulates our sound environment in the way that visual arts emulate the visual environment-the vocal tract. The explanation for human music is simpler still than Pythagoras’s mathematical equations: We like the sounds that are familiar to us-specifically, we like sounds that remind us of us.

This brings up some chicken-or-egg evolutionary questions. It may be that music imitates speech directly, the researchers say, in which case it would seem that language evolved first. It’s also conceivable that music came first and language is in effect an imitation of song-that in everyday speech we hit the musical notes we especially like. Alternately, it may be that music imitates the general products of the human sound-making system, which just happens to be mostly speech. “We can’t know this,” says Schwartz. “What we do know is that both come from the same system, and it is this that shapes our preferences.”

Section D

Schwartz’s study also casts light on the long-running questions of whether animals understand or appreciate music. Despite the apparent abundance of “music” in the natural world-birdsong, whalesong, wolf howls, synchronized chimpanzee hooting-previous studies have found that many laboratory animals don’t show a great affinity for the human variety of music making.

Marc Hauser and Josh McDermott of Harvard argued in the July issue of Nature Neuroscience that animals don’t create or perceive music the way we do. The fact that laboratory monkeys can show recognition of human tunes is evidence, they say, of shared general features of the auditory system, not any specific chimpanzee musical ability. As for birds, those most musical beasts, they generally recognize their own tunes-a narrow repertoire-but don’t generate novel melodies like we do. There are no avian Mozarts.

But what’s been played to the animals, Schwartz notes, is human music. If animals evolve preferences for sound as we do-based upon the soundscape in which they live-then their “music” would be fundamentally different from ours. In the same way our scales derive from human utterances, a cat’s idea of a good tune would derive from yowls and meows. To demonstrate that animals don’t appreciate sounds the way we do, we’d need evidence that they don’t respond to “music” constructed from their own sound environment.

Section E

No matter how the connection between language and music is parsed, what is apparent is that our sense of music, even our love for it, is as deeply rooted in our biology and in our brains as language is. This is most obvious with babies, says Sandra Trehub at University of Toronto, who also published a paper in the Nature Neuroscience special issue.

For babies, music and speech are on a continuum. Mothers use musical speech to “regulate infants’ emotional states,” Trehub says. Regardless of what language they speak, the voice all mothers use with babies is the same: “something between speech and song.” This kind of communication “puts the baby in a trance-like state, which may proceed to sleep or extended periods of rapture.” So if the music, they probably wouldn’t be very surprised. The upshot, says Trehub, is that music may be even more of a necessity than we realize.

Questions & Answers

Questions 27-31

Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.

List of Headings

i    Communication in music with animals 

ii   New discoveries on animal music

iii   Music and language contrasted

iv   Current research on music

v    Music is beneficial for infants

vi   Music transcends cultures

vii   Look back at some of the historical theories

viii  Are we genetically designed for music?

27. Section A   iii

28. Section B   vii

29. Section C   iv

30. Section D   i

31. Section E   viii

Questions 32-38

Match each person with the correct statement.

32. Steven Pinker   F

33. Musicologists   B

34. Greek philosopher Pythagoras   E

35. Schwartz, Howe, and Purves   D

36. Marc Hauser and Josh McDermott   G

37. Charles Rosen   A

38. Sandra Trehub   C

List of Statements

A   Music exists outside of the world it is created in.

B   Music has a universal character despite cultural influences on it.

C   Music is a necessity for humans.

D   Music preference is related to the surrounding influences.

E   He discovered the mathematical basis of music.

F   Music doesn’t enjoy the same status of research interest as language.

G   Humans and monkeys have similar traits in perceiving sound.

Questions 39-40

39. Why was the study of animal’s music inconclusive?

A. Animals don’t have same auditory system as humans.

B. Tests on animal’s music are limited.

C. Animals can’t make up new tunes.

D. There aren’t enough tests on a wide range of animals.

40. What is the main theme of this passage?

A. Language and learning

B. The evolution of music

C. The role of music in human society

D. Music for animals

Task 1

Type of questions

线图

题目

The graph shows the percentage of people in a European county of different age groups went to a gym once a month or more between 1990 and 2010.

Task 2

Topic

教育

Type of questions

利弊类

题目

In recent years, the pressure on school and university students is increasing and they are pushed to work hard at very young age. Do you think it is a positive or negative development?

People & Animal

Friends

Neighbours

Events

Indoor Games

Housework

Birthdays

Daily routine

History

Objects/Things

Mirror

Watch

Shoes

Robots

Jewellery

Places

Hometown

Home/Accommodation

Media

Music//Musical Instruments

Advertisement

Emails and Letters

Abstract

Work or study

Transport

Dream

Forget things

Sunshine

People & Animal

Describe a famous person that you are interested in.名人

Describe a family member made you proud.让你骄傲的家人

Describe the politest person you know.最礼貌的人

Describe two people you know from the same family.两个来自同一家庭的人

Describe a couple you know who have a happy marriage.幸福的婚姻

Events

Describe an experience you spend your time with a child.和小孩共度时光

Describe an experience that you were not allowed to use your mobile phone.禁用手机

Describe a decision made by others that you disagreed with.不同意的决定

Describe a time you moved to a new home or school.搬家、转学

Describe an enjoyable experience in your childhood.童年趣事

Describe a leisure activity near the ocean.海边活动

Describe something you want to do for a long time but you haven’t done yet.想做的事

Describe an interesting conversation you had with a stranger.有意思的谈话

Describe a time you saw lots of people were smiling.好笑的场合

Objects/Things

Describe a kind of foreign food you have had.外国食品

Describe a kind of vegetable or plant.植物

Describe an occasion that you had a special cake.特殊的蛋糕

Places

Describe a cafe which you have been to.去过的咖啡馆

Describe a big company or organization you know.大公司

Describe a city you’ve been to.去过的城镇

Media

Describe a website you like to visit.喜欢访问的网站

Abstract

Describe a holiday you want to go on in the future.未来假期

Describe a plan in your life (that is not related to work or study).一个计划

Describe a well-paid job that you will have in the future.高薪工作

Describe a kind of weather you like.喜欢的天气

重点话题Sample Answer

Describe a city you’ve been to.

You should say:

What the city was

When you went

Who you went with

And explain how you felt about it.

I would like to talk about Prague. It’s the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic, is a beautiful city filled with culture & diversity. Entertainment in Prague can be said to be second to none. Prague nightlife is legendary for music and movie stars frequenting the city. You can expect to have fun and party the night away with people from across the world who come to enjoy the energetic vibe.

There are lots to do in Prague. What I enjoyed most is to explore the culture and art there. They have built a stunning monument, like “the Lennon Wall”, which is a wall covered in graffiti and pictures inspired by John Lennon and the Beatles. It has received quite a bit of recognition in recent times. Prague is a city that is breathtaking throughout the year and it is really the Mecca for many art lovers.