新航道

Section 1

Version

Topic

V30076

Painting Competition Registration

Questions 1-10

Young Painter Competition

1. theme of the paintings: Travel

2. ages groups: Junior (for younger daughter)

3. another group: young teenagers ( for her elderly daughter)

4. submitting deadline for paintings: 29 August

5. dimensions of the painting: 80 cm by 60 cm

6. Contact person: Andy Kahn

7. Postcode: HB6 2LJ

8. Application form should be sent by fax

9. In order to make sending easier, she should write 3 capital letters on the top of the envelop: YCP

10. First Prize: ￡50 (plus hanging pictures on the wall)

Section 2

Version

Topic

V14115

公司搬家

Questions 11-15

11. Why does the company move

A. the lease ends (租期到期)   B. the lease changed   C. for expansion

12. the new location is close to

A. printers   B. a transport centre   C. the Clients

13. What should you do to the old furniture

A. move to the new company   B. sell them to the public   C. given to friends

14. What stock do in the next few weeks

A. threw away all the old files   B. make copies for important documents

15. What are employees expect to do in moving days

A. stay at home   B. go to the company to help   C. go to the new building to check

Questions 16-20

A.   Conference room

B.   Waiting room

C.   Sales staff

D.   Display room

E.    Designers’ desk

F.    Temporary staff’s desks

G.   Luch room

16. D

17. C

18. E

19. A

20. G

Section 3

Version

Topic

V06134

换课

Question 21-22

Original course: Politics

He wants to change:

21. 1^st choice: Journalism

22. 2ed choice: Business studies

Question 23-30 completion

29. next appointment time: February 17

30. contact with senior advisor

Section 4

Version

Topic

V30076

关于一种pine tree的研究介绍

Questions 31-40

31. Why does the woman want to choose the pin trees as research object

A. long history   C. reflect the science

32. What happened to the pine trees there?

A. wrong place   B. harmful to habitants   C. older than settlement…survival

33. pine trees can be used as torch

A. cannot fire for a long time   B. too much smoke   C. dim light

34. Pine trees used for making ropes

A. high quality   B. dry   C. flexible

Passage 1

Topic

儿童食品广告

Content Review

Review of research on the effects of food promotion to children

This review was commissioned by the Food Standards Agency to examine the current research evidence on:

? the extent and nature of food promotion to children

? the effect, if any, that this promotion has on their food knowledge, preferences and behaviour.

A) Children’s food promotion is dominated by television advertising, and the great majority of this promotes the so-called Big Four' of pre-sugared breakfast cereals, soft-drinks, confectionery and savoury snacks. In the last ten years advertising for fast food outlets has rapidly increased. There I is some evidence that the dominance of television has recently begun to wane. The importance of strong, global branding reinforces a need for multifaceted communications combining television with merchandising, tie-ins' and point of sale activity. The advertised diet contrasts sharply with that recommended by public health advisors, and themes of fun and fantasy or taste, rather than health and nutrition, are used to promote it to children. Meanwhile, the recommended diet gets little promotional support.

B) There is plenty of evidence that children notice and enjoy food promotion. However, establishing whether this actually influences them is a complex problem. The review tackled it by looking at studies that had examined possible effects on what children know about food, their food preferences, their actual food behaviour (both buying and eating), and their health outcomes (eg. obesity or cholesterol levels). The majority of studies examined food advertising, but a few examined other forms of food promotion. In terms of nutritional knowledge, food advertising seems to have little influence on children's general perceptions of what constitutes a healthy diet, but, in certain contexts, it does have an effect on more specific types of nutritional knowledge. For example, seeing soft drink and cereal adverts reduced primary aged children's ability to determine correctly whether or not certain products contained real fruit.

C) The review also found evidence that food promotion influences children's food preferences and their purchase behaviour. A study of primary school children, for instance, found that exposure to advertising influenced which foods they claimed to like; and another showed that labelling and signage on a vending machine had an effect on what was bought by secondary school pupils. A number of studies have also shown that food advertising can influence what children eat. One, for example, showed that advertising influenced a primary class's choice of daily snack at playtime.

D) The next step, of trying to establish whether or not a link exists between food promotion and diet or obesity, is extremely difficult as it requires research to be done in real world settings. A number of studies have attempted this by using amount of television viewing as a proxy for exposure to television advertising. They have established a clear link between television viewing and diet, obesity, and cholesterol levels. It is impossible to say, however, whether this effect is caused by the advertising, the sedentary nature of television viewing or snacking that might take place whilst viewing. One study resolved this problem by taking a detailed diary of children's viewing habits. This showed that the more food adverts they saw, the more snacks and calories they consumed.

E) Thus the literature does suggest food promotion is influencing children's diet in a number of ways. This does not amount to proof; as noted above with this kind of research, incontrovertible proof simply isn’t attainable. Nor do all studies point to this conclusion; several have not found an effect. In addition, very few studies have attempted to measure how strong these effects are relative to other factors influencing children food choices. Nonetheless, many studies have found clear effects and they have used sophisticated methodologies that make it possible to determine that i) these effects are not just due to chance; ii) they are independent of other factors that may influence diet, such as parents’ eating habits or attitudes; and iii) they occur at a brand and category level.

F) Furthermore, two factors suggest that these findings actually downplay the effect that food promotion has on children. First, the literature focuses principally on television advertising; the cumulative effect of this combined with other forms of promotion and marketing is likely to be significantly greater. Second, the studies have looked at direct effects on individual children, and understate indirect influences. For example, promotion for fast food outlets may not only influence the child, but also encourage parents to take them for meals and reinforce the idea that this is a normal and desirable behaviour.

G) This does not amount to proof of an effect, but in our view does provide sufficient evidence to conclude that an effect exists. The debate should now shift to what action is needed, and specifically to how the power of commercial marketing can be used to bring about improvements in young people's eating.

Questions & Answers

Questions 1-7

List of Headings

i General points of agreements and disagreements of researchers

ii How much children really know about food

iii Need to take action

iv Advertising effects of the "big Four"?

v Connection of advertising and children's weight problems

vi Evidence that advertising affects what children buy to eat

vii How parents influence children's eating habits

Viii Companies sell unhealthy food to children

ix Children often buy what they want

x Underestimating the effects advertising has on children

1. Paragraph A（viii）

2. Paragraph B（ii）

3. Paragraph C（vi）

4. Paragraph D（v）

5. Paragraph E（i）

6. Paragraph F（x）

7. Paragraph G（iii）

Questions 8-13

8. There is little difference between the amount of advertising for healthy and unhealthy food.（NO）

9. TV advertising has successfully taught children about nutrients and vitamins in healthy food.（NO）

10. whether children prefer one product or the other  is affected by their age and gender.（NOT GIVEN）

11. Wealthy parents tend to make "sensible food" choice for their children.（NOT GIVEN）

12. It is hard to decide which aspect of TV viewing results in weight problems of children.（YES）

13. There is a lack of investigation on food promotion methods other than TV advertising.（YES）

Passage 2

Topic

Waste Production

Content Review

P1 The USA is the biggest to produce the waste production. Many countries buy different things from America. Japan buy metal productions.

P2 Landfill is a popular way deal with trash. But 80% has already been used. Western states have more spaces now.

P3 People burn 16% of trash. Recycling is another way. It consumes less energy to recycle glass.

P4 Yard tramming and Wooden are two biggest fields to burn followed paper.

P5 Seattle people recycle 45% trash. The rest states recycle 17% trash. Because people have to pay more for the trash which are not recycle used.

P6 Some people disagree recycling. A Doctor from Los Angeles argues that it costs more energy to recycle rather than produce new things. German has already carried out the law about recycling. However it doesn`t work very well. There is a law which is proposed but still waiting to be pursue.

P7 Doctor M believes that the problem can be solved by giving people more time.

P8 Experts think that we underestimate people`s responses to recycling. Take Seattle as an example.

Questions & Answers

Questions 14-19 简答题

14. Which country buy metal production from America?    

Japan

15. Which part of America has more room to landfill?      

Western states

16. What substance is burned most?                    

packaging

17. Compared with produce new product, what kind of material is cheaper when recycle?

Glass

18. What is the largest wasting field?                     

Paper

19. What percentage do most Americans recycle?             

17

Questions 20-26 Yes/No/Not Given

20. USA should burn more trash.   N

(文章第三段明确提recycle是目前被认为更好的办法）

21. Landfill is the most useful way to dispose rubbish.   NG

(文章只说这是一种方式，并未提及是否最有效）

22. Seattle people recycle more because the have to pay more for the trash.   Y

(文章第五段有原话）

23. USA reinforce the law to make people to recycle.   N

(文章第六段说有提案，但并未实施）

24. German has the most advanced recycle law system in the world.    NG

(文章第六段提到了德国的法律，但并未明确说明其是世界上最先进）

25. The trash problem will be solved by giving more time to people.   Y

(文章第七段明确指出，专家认为人们假以时日该问题一定会得到解决）

26. People in Seattle are more enthusiastic about recycling than peo ple expected.   Y

(文章最后一段指出我们低估了西雅图人的反应）

Passage 3

Topic

Filming the Natural World with Time-Wrap Photography

Content Review

A. Photography gained the interest of many scientists and artists from its inception. Scientists have used photography to record and study movements. Photography is used by amateurs to preserve memories, to capture special moments, to tell stories, to send messages, and as a source of entertainment. Various technological improvements and techniques have been allowed for visualizing events that are too fast or too slow for the human eyes.

B. One of such techniques is called high-speed photography or professionally known as time-lapse. Time lapse photography is the perfect technique for capturing events and movements in the natural world that occur over a timescale too slow for human perception to follow. This life cycle of a mushroom, for example, is incredibly subtle to the human eye. To present its growth in from of audiences, the principle applied is a simple one: a series of photographs are taken and used in sequence to make a moving-image film, but since each frame is taken with a lapse at a time interval between each shot, when played back at normal speed, a continuous action is produced and it appears to speed up. Put simply: we are shrinking time. Objects and events that would normally take several minutes, days or even months can be viewed to completion in second having been sped up by factors of tens to millions.  

C. Another commonly used technique is high-speed photography, the science of taking pictures of very fast phenomena. High-speed photography can be considered to be the opposite of time-lapse photography. Imagine a hummingbird hovering almost completely still in the air, feeding on nectar. With every flap, its wings bend, flex and change shape. These subtle movements precisely control the lift its wings generate, making it an excellent hoverer. But a hummingbird flaps its wings up to 80 times every second. The only way to truly capture this motion is with cameras that will, in effect, slow down time. To do this, a greater length of film is taken at a high sampling frequency or frame rate, which is much faster than it will be projected on screen. When replayed at normal speed, time appears to be slowed down proportionately.  

D. A film camera normally records images at twenty four frames per second. During each 1/24th of a second, the film is actually exposed to light for roughly half the time. The rest of the time, it is hidden behind the shutter. Thus exposure time for motion picture film is normally calculated to be one 48th of a second (1/48 second, often rounded to 1/50 second). Adjusting the shutter angle on a film camera (if its design allows), can add or reduce the amount of motion blur by changing the amount of time that the film frame is actually exposed to light. In time-lapse photography, the camera records images at a specific slow interval such as one frame every thirty seconds (1/30 frame/s). In long exposure time-lapse, the exposure time will approximate the effects of a normal shutter angle.

E. But things cannot get any more complicated in the case of filming a frog catching its prey. Frogs can snatch up prey in a few thousandths of a second-striking out with elastic tongues. But this all happened too fast, 50 times faster than an eye blink. So naturally people thought of using high-speed camera to capture this Fantastic movement in slow motion. Yet one problem still remains- viewers would be bored if they watch the frog swim in slow motion for too long. The solution is a simple one-adjust the playback speed, which is also called by some the film speed adjustment.

F. Sometimes taking a good picture or shooting a good film is not all about technology, but patience, like in a case of bat. Bats are small, dark-colored; they fly fast and are active only at night. To capture bats on film, one must use some type of camera-tripping device. Photographers or film-makers often place camera near the bat cave, on the path of the flying bats. The camera must be hard-wired with a tripping device so that every time a bat breaks the tripping beam the camera fires and it will keep doing so through the night until the camera’s battery runs out.

G. Is it science? Since the technique was first pioneered around two hundred years ago, photography has developed to a state where it is almost unrecognizable. Some people would even say the future of photography will be nothing like how we imagine it. No matter what future it may hold, photography will continue to develop as it has been repeatedly demonstrated in many aspects of our life that ‘a picture is worth a thousand words’.

Questions & Answers

Questions 27-30 Matching

27. Mushroom       ----------- B

28. Hummingbird    ----------- E

29. Frog             ----------- D

30. Bat              ----------- C

A. An inspiration of using high-speed photography

B. The action is too slow to be visible to human eyes

C. Films should be shot at the place where the animal will pass

D. The filming speed should be adjusted to make it more interesting

E. The action would be too fast to be perceived without using camera

F. The action would be too slow to be captured

Questions 31-36 Summary

Time-lapse

Time-lapse photography is the perfect technique for capturing events and movements in the natural world that occur over a timescale too slow for human perception to follow. Photographers take each picture at a 31. time interval before taking another picture. When these pictures are finally shown on screen in sequence at a normal motion picture rate, audiences see a 32. continuous action that is faster than what is naturally is. This technique can make audiences feel as if 33. shrink the time.

High-speed photography

High-speed photography refers to the use of high-speed cameras that the photograph itself may be taken in a way as to appear to freeze the motion. It demonstrates how fast things move, the movement is exposed on a 34. greater length of film, and then 35. projected on screen at normal playback speed. This makes viewers feel time is 36. slowed down proportionately.

Questions 37-40 Matching

Which paragraph contains the following information?

37. contrasting reasons about why human cannot see some of the action ---- A

38. a description about the problems of high-speed photography ---- D

39. an example of capture by using cameras which cannot be moved ---- F

40. a description about watching continuously without excitement ---- E

Task 1

Type of questions

柱图

题目

五个不同地区城市人口与农村人口的变化

图形待回忆

Task 2

Topic

媒体

Type of questions

观点类

题目

It is not necessary to travel to other places to learn about culture and people, because people can learn from books, films or the internet.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

People & Animal

Family

Pop star

Neighbours

Teenagers

Events

Birthdays

History

Objects/Things

Jewellery

Vegetables and fruits

Boat

Places

Hometown

Home/Accommodation

Media

Newspaper and magazine

Advertisement

Emails and Letters

Computer

Abstract

Work or study

Sunny days

Transportation

Politeness

Names

Rainy days

People & Animal

Describe a couple you know who have a happy marriage.幸福的婚姻

Describe an interesting person from another country.有趣的外国人

Events

Describe something you want to do for a long time but you haven’t done yet.想做的事

Describe a time you need to arrive early.早到的经历

Describe an interesting conversation you had with a stranger.有意思的谈话

Describe an English lesson you had.英语课

Describe a time you saw lots of people were smiling.好笑的场合

Describe a sport game you’ve watch.喜欢看的运动

Describe a (long) car journey you went on.汽车旅行

Describe an occasion when you helped a person.乐于助人

Objects/Things

Describe your favourite piece of clothing.喜欢的衣服

Describe a piece of art (like statue, painting).艺术品

Describe an exciting book you have read.令人兴奋的书

Describe something you bought recently that you were happy with.开心购物

Describe a piece of furniture.家具

Describe an important letter you received. 重要的信

Places

Describe a time you went to a crowded place.拥挤的地方

Describe a place you know where people go to listen to music (such as a theatre or a music hall).听音乐的地方

Describe a dream home you would like to have.理想之家

Describe a public park or garden.公园

Media

Describe a TV series or drama you enjoy watching.电视节目

Describe an advertisement (that you saw or liked).广告

Abstract

Describe a (good) decision someone made.一个决定

重点话题Sample Answer

Describe an advertisement (that you saw or liked).

You should say:

Where you saw or heard it

What kind of advertisement it was

What the content of the advertisement was

And explain how you felt about this advertisement.

I would like to share the story of one of the most successful campaigns in the history of advertising. It’s the story of Apple’s “Think different” campaign. I first watched it on YouTube and I was quite impressed at that time. The commercial consisted of black and white images of 12 visionary thinkers. The people who were selected to appear in the “Think Different” campaign were bold thinkers, men and women who were not merely great in a certain field but who were also innovative and independent and who had changed the worlds in which they lived.

The reason I like it is because of the theme “Think Different”. It celebrates the soul of the Apple brand—that creative people with passion can change the world for the better. The campaign debuted on 1997.09.28 and was remarkably popular. Unlike some of Apple’s earlier major campaigns, it received glowing press write-ups.