新航道

Section 1

Version

Topic

V10102

打电话找修车托运

Questions 1-10

1. Name: Holloway

2. Address: flat 6

3. Postcode: RH139YS

4. Car Number: X55JGY

5. Color: metallic gray

6. Position: in petrol station

7. Where: near a bridge

8. one person cannot walk very well

9. be transferred to hotel

10. will be there within 30 minutes

Section 2

Version

Topic

V38

一个男人在宣布游览cave 的注意事项

Questions 11-13

11. Where is the information board located?

A. at the reception

B. inside the cottage

C. on the beach

12. you need to make a booking if you  

A. go swimming

B. go water skiing

C. go windsurfing

13. if you go the cave，you will be provided  

A. waterproof clothing

B. comfortable shoes

C. a safety helmet

Questions 14-17

NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS

14. The Wildlife Park is recommended for families

15. Children are permitted to feed the animals

16. Red Kangaroo is larger than a person

17. Crocodile can live at least 50 years

Questions 18-20

Choose three letters

What can the customers do at the inland region?

A. go swimming

B. have light refreshments

C. observe cheese production

D. visit emu park

E. buy some souvenirs

F. go cycling

G. follow nature trail

Section 3

Version

Topic

V15108

讨论一个叫Christie的作家

Questions 21-26

21. According to the two students, what does writer Christie and William Shakespeare have in common?

Appeal by public (ordinary people )

22. What surprised Olive when reading Christie’s book?

A. slow pace   B. simple words (straightforward)   C. xxx dialogue

23. What does the student say about Christie’s biography?

A. she keeps traditional thinking way   C. she has a lot of personal friends

24. What does the student say about Christie’s novel turning into film?

A. films originate from her book   C. television is not so successful as in the cinema

25. What do students agree in terms of Christie’s marriage?

A. her husband envies and jealous about her success

B. due to work, she is always separated with her husband

C. her husband’s work inspire her work (her husband is an architect, and she travels with him all the time and give her inspiration)

26. What does Olivia say about the Journal of Christie?

A. amused by the story (entertain/joke)

Questions 27-30

A. Budget not enough

B. Adapt to the local audience

C. Too complicate

D. Well researched

E. Varied in quality

F. Have expected, no surprise

27. Script—B

28. Set design—F

29. Lighting—C

30. Costume—D

Section 4

Version

Topic

V14104

测试人们互信程度

Questions 31-40

ONE word only

   “Don't trust stranger”

   Alternatively, our trust can rely on 31. kindness.

   The understanding of trust can help us reduce 32. poverty.

   Trust involves a 33. risk, so it is conditional.

Thus, people would be 34. hurt.

How to measure trust

   Pay attention to people’s 35. face.

   In animal test, the oxytocin level may raise, if 36. interaction occurs.

Experiment Procedures

   Two participants do not contact with each other at the whole time.

   Participant 1 send some money to participant 2.

   Then, participant 2 have no 37. obligation to return the money.

Results

   The 1^st participant would have no 38. expectation to receive the money back.

   However, in most cases, the 2^nd participant do return the money.

   When return money, it shows 39. higher level of oxytocin.

   Oxytocin has been seen as a social 40. glue.

Passage 1

Topic

食肉植物

Content Review

介绍了几种食肉植物如何捕食猎物，如何利用植物中的养分提供能量，还提到野火对食肉植物的影响。

Questions & Answers

Questions 1-5 填空题

1. stomach

4. vacuum

Questions 6-13 判断题

7. 食肉植物可以从猎物中获取一种酶   T

8. 沼泽中的食肉动物光合作用不如其他植物   F

13. 控制野火有利于食肉动物   F

Passage 2

Topic

culture and thought

Content Review

The Connection Between Culture and Thought

A  The world’s population has surpassed 7 billion and continues to grow. Across the globe, humans have many differences. These differences can be influenced by factors such as geography, climate, politics, nationality, and many more. Culture is one such aspect that can change the way people hehave.

B  Your culture may influence your clothing, your language, and many aspects of your life. But is culture influential enough to change the way an individual thinks? It has long been believed that people from different cultures would think differently. For example, a young boy from a farm would talk about cows while a boy from New York will talk about cars. If two young children from different countries are asked about their thoughts about a painting, they would answer differently because of their cultureal background.

C  In recent years, there has been new research that changed this long-held belief; However, this new research is not the first explore the idea that culture can change the way we think. Earlier research has provided valuable insight to the questions. One of the earliest research projects was carried out in the Soviet Union. This project was designed to find out whether culture would affect people’s way of thought processing. The researchers focused on how living environment and nationality might influence how people think. The experiment led by Bessett aimed to question such awareness of cognitive psychology. Bessett conducted several versions of the experiment to test different cognitive processes.

D  One experiment led by Bessett and Masuke showed an animated video picturing a big fish swimming among smaller fish and other sea creature. Subjects were asked to describe the scene. The Japanese participants tended to focus on the aquatic background, such as the plants and colour of the water, as well as the relationship between the big and small fish. American participants tended to focus on individual fishes, mainly the larger, more unique looking fish. The experiment suggested that members of Eastern culture focus more on the overall picture, while members of Western culture focus more on the individuals.

E  In another experiment performed by Bessett and Choi, the subjects were presented with some very convincing evidence of a position. Both the Korean and the American showed strong support. And after they were given some evidence opposing the position, the Korean started to modified or decreased their support. However, the American began to give more support to the former argument. This project suggested that in Korean culture, support for arguments is based on context. Ideas and conculsions are changeable and flexible, so an individual may be more willing to change his or her mind. For Americans, they were less willing to change their original conclusion.

F  Bessett and Ara devised an experiment to test the thought processing of both oriental and occidental worlds. Test subject was given an argument. “All animals with furs hibernate. Rabbit has fur. Therefore, rabit hibernate”. People from the eastern world questioned the argument as not being logical, because in their knowledge some furry animals just don’t hibernate. But the American think the statement is right. They assume the logic deduction is based on a correct argument, thus the conclusion is right since the logic is right.

G  From these early experiments in the Soviet Union, one might conclude that our original premise-that culture can impact the way we think-was still correct. However, recent research criticizes this view, as well as Bessett’s early experiments. Though these experiments changed the original belief on thought processing, how much does it result from all factors needs further discussion. Fischer thinks Bessett’s experiments provide valuable information because his research only provides qualitative descriptions, not results from controlled environment. Change partly agrees with him, because there are some social factors that might influence the results.

H  Another criticism of Bessett’s experiments is that culture was studied as a sub-factor of nationality. The experiments assumed that culture would be the same among all members of a nationality. For example, every American that participated in the experiments could be assumed to have the same culture. In reality, culture is much more complicated than nationality. Thses early experiments did not control for other factors, such as socioeconomic status, education, ethnicity, and regional differences in culture. All of these factors could have a big effect on the individuals’ response.

I  A third criticism of Bessett’s experiment is that the content itself should have been more abstract, such as a puzzle or an IQ test. With objective content, such as nature and animals, people from different countries of the world might have different pre-conceived ideas about these animals. Prior knowledge based on geographic location would further complicate the results. A test that is more abstract, or more quantitative, would provide a more controlled study of how cognitive processing works for different groups of people.

J  The research on cultuer’s effect on cognitive processing still goes on today, and while some critisims exist of Bessett’s early studies, the projects still provide valuable insight. It is important for further research projects to control carefully for the variables, such as culture. Something like culture is complex and difficult to define. It can also be influenced by many other variables, such as geography or education styles. When studying a variable like culture, it is critical that the researcher create a clear definition for what is-and what is not-considered culture.

K  Another important aspect of modern research is the ethical impact of the research. A researcher must consider carefully whether the results of the research will negatively impact any of the groups involved. In an increasingly globalized job economy, generalisations made about nationalities can be harmful to prospective employees. This information could also impact the way tests and university admission standards are designed, which would potentially favor one group or create a disadvantage for another. When conducting any research about culture and nationality, researchers should consider all possible effects, positive or negative, that their conclusions may have published for the world to see.

Questions & Answers

Questions 14-18 Matching: 段落信息匹配

14. A certain creature was propagating underwater.   C

15. An example of people fostered in the same conditions of different cultures   B

16. A description of the discrepancy of cultures leading to the same process of thinking  A

17. It ends up with some different theories based on the conception how culture affects thought.   F

18. A certain evidence to confirm the influence of images on culture.   C

Questions 19-22 Matching: 人名配观点

19. Western people would firmly adhere their thoughts to the basic principle.

答案 Dr. C

20. Visual images have a link to the distinguished findings involving in the experiment. 

答案 Dr. B

21. Eastern people established the perspective more based on personal perception rather than logic.

答案 Dr. D

22. Eastern people find it hard to generalise what they see in a topic.

答案Dr. B

Questions 23-26 填空题：（主要针对最后一段）

23. The effect of cultures on thought reflects in the differences of Oriental civilisation and western customers.

24. The specialist (Dr. E) benefits from personal experiences to integrate what she found in the survey.

25．As well as experiences, controlled subjects were involved so it is qualitative.

26. The basic conception of the connection between culture and thought is plausible.

Passage 3

Topic

学校传统建筑的培训

Content Review

很多学校开展传统建筑设计和建造的课程，介绍了这些课程的内容和好处。

很多学校之前都是开展建筑欣赏课程，现在有的开始开展建筑事件课程教学生设计和建造传统建筑。其中举了一个地区的例子，学生在专家的帮助下改造了一个旧仓库，学生通过这些课程更好了解到传统建筑的历史价值，同时锻炼了建筑设计技能，也提升了保护当地建筑的责任感。

Questions & Answers

Questions 27-31 单选题

27. 某机构在promote什么？

选：开展传统建筑的课程

Questions 32-36 摘要题

32. storage

33. design

34. resources

35. experts

36. training

Questions 37-40 判断题

37. N

Task 1

Type of questions

柱图

题目

The graph below gives information about the common activities children of different ages in the United States do as part of their bedtime routines.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Task 2

Topic

政府职能

Type of questions

观点类

题目

The restoration of old buildings in major cities throughout the world often involves numerous government expenditure. Some people think this money will bring more benefits if it is used to provide new housing or road development. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?

People & Animal

Friends

Teenagers

Teachers

Animal/Pet

Events

Meals

Outdoor activities

Swimming

Physical exercise

Objects/Things

Boats

Gifts

Dictionary

Places

Hometown

High School/university

Media

Music

Computers

APPs

Abstract

Work or study

Rainy days

Handwriting

Sleeping

People & Animal

Describe someone who is a good parent.好家长

Describe a businessman you admire.敬佩的商人

Describe an interesting person from another country.有趣的外国人

Describe a successful sportsman.运动员

Describe a popular person you know.受欢迎的人

Events

Describe an experience when you pleased with you mobile phone.用手机的开心时刻

Describe an occasion when you received positive comment.积极反馈

Describe something you learned in a place/from a person/out of school.课外学习

Describe a special /meaningful meal you had.特殊的一餐

Objects/Things

Describe an important letter you received.重要的信

Describe something you bought according to an advertisement you saw.因广告而购物

Places

Describe a leisure facility (cinema, theatre, sports center) you would like to have in your hometown.休闲设施

Describe a place you know where people go to listen to music (such as a theatre or a music hall).听音乐的地方

Describe a park you visited when you were a child. 儿时去过的公园

Describe a river or lake in your country.河流湖泊

Describe a public place that you think needs improvement.需要改善的地方

Media

Describe a TV series or drama you enjoy watching.电视剧

Describe an advertisement (that you saw or heard).广告

Describe a good photo you had.好照片

Abstract

Describe a rule at your school that you agree or disagree.校规

Describe an ideal vocation or holiday you would like to have.理想假期

重点话题Sample Answer

Describe a popular person you know.

You should say:

Who this person is

What this person does

How you knew this person

Why he or she is a popular person.

OK, I’m gonna talk about the South Africa president-Zuma. There was a time I saw a video of him speaking in public, you know how English is not his first language, but the thing is, he has always wanted to try to speak it. It literally took him half a minute to say the words ‘in the beginning’. He tried so many times and still couldn’t pronounce it. The best part is that every time he failed saying it, he would wiggle his body to defuse the embarrassment. Every single time I saw this video, I would laugh till my belly hurt.

Generally speaking, we would expect the leader of a country to be more serious, you know, at least practice the speech or have a translator with you for the important occasions like that. But the way he behaves, is just very endearing. It's absolutely more fascinating than those who follow the conventional way of delivering a speech.