新航道

  1. 引导时间状语从句的连词

  (1) when

  Her father died when she was young. 她很小的时候父亲就死了。

  I'll write when I have finished the book. 我把书看完了再写信。

  (2) while

  Make hay while the sun shines. 行事要趁机会好;未雨绸缪。

  Brent felt chilly while he was walking. 布伦特走着时感到有些凉意。

  (3) as

  As he slept he dreamed a dream. 他睡觉时做了一个梦。

  As I was coming here, I met your brother. 我来这里时碰到了你哥哥。

  (4) before

  We can't possibly finish this before the rains start. 雨季开始前我们不可能干完这活儿。

  Long before you return, she will have forgotten you. 在你回来前，她会早已把你忘了。

  (5) after

  Soon after she returned, the child vomited. 她回来不久孩子就吐了。

  After we had finished tea, we all sat on the grass. 我们喝完茶后，都在草地上坐着。

  I will tell them after you leave / have left. 你走了之后我再告诉他们。

  (6) until

  I watched him until he disappeared from sight. 我望着他直到他看不见了。

  I shall stay until I've completed my studies. 我要在这里待到我学习结束为止。

  (7) till

  Let's wait till the rain stops. 咱们等到雨停吧。

  I'll keep it for you till you come back. 我将替你把这保存到你回来。

  (8) since

  Two weeks had passed since Martin had seen him. 自从马丁见到他，已经过了两个礼拜。

  I haven't seen you since I have been back. 我回来后就一直没见到你。

  (9) whenever

  Whenever I see him, I speak to him. 每当我见到他，我都和他讲话。

  I go to the theatre whenever I get the chance. 一有机会我就去看戏。

  (10) 一些其他类型的时间状语从句

  Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 他刚一到，她就开始发牢骚。

  Now that we are alone, we can speak freely. 现在我们单独在一起，可以随便谈了。

  Once you began, you couldn't stop. 你一旦开始就停不住了。

  We had no sooner set out than a thunderstorm broke. 我们刚出发就遇到了大雷雨。

  引导条件状语从句的连词

  (1) if

  I would have talked to him if I'd thought of it. 如果我想到了，我就和他谈了。

  If she went, would you go too? 如果她去，你也会去吗?

  (2) unless

  I shouldn't dream of going unless you wanted me. 我不会去，除非你要我去。

  You will fail unless you work hard. 如果你不用功学习，你会不及格的。

  (3) supposing

  Supposing she doesn't come, what shall we do? 要是她不来，我们怎么办?

  Supposing he can't come, who will do the work? 假使他不能来，这工作谁做?

  (4) 条件状语从句还可有其他的形式

  Brant will do the work providing you pay him. 如果你能付费，布兰特可以做这工作。

  As long as you're happy, it doesn't matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。

  In case I forget, please remind me about it. 如果我忘了，请提醒我。

  注意

  (1) 有些条件状语从句中也可省略某些成分或改成短语。如：

  If necessary, ring me at home. 如果有必要，可以打电话到我家找我。

  If in doubt, ask at your local library. 若有疑问，你可向当地图书馆咨询。

  He would never do this unless compelled. 他绝不会做这事，除非是被迫如此。

  In case of fire, ring the bell. 如有火灾，按铃。

  (2) 有些状语从句介于条件状语从句与让步状语从句之间。如：

  The moon is a moon still whether it shines or not. 月亮总是月亮，不管它亮不亮。

  It has the same result whichever way you do it. 不管你怎么做，结果都一样。

  Whoever you are, you can't pass this way. 不管你是谁，你不能从这儿过去。

  引导目的状语从句的连词

  (1) in order that

  In order that you may create such a picture, you have to possess certain artistic weapons. 创作这样的画，你得具有某些艺术手法。

  I have come all the way from Vienna in order that you should thoroughly understand me. 我这么远从维也纳来，为的是让你彻底了解我。

  (2) so that

  So that we can arrive there on time, we should start off early. 为了按时赶到那里，我们必须早出发。

  Caspar wore a mask so that no one should recognize him. 卡斯帕戴了一个口罩，以至于没人能认出他。

  (3) so

  I'll show you so you can see how it's done. 我将做给你看，以便让你知道应怎样干。

  I packed him a little food so he wouldn't get hungry. 我包了一点食物给他，以免他挨饿。

  (4) that

  They have died that liberty might live. 他们倒下了，为的是自由能长存。

  She wanted tea ready at six that she could be out by eight. 她要在6点钟把下午茶准备好，以便她8点钟能出去。

  (5) lest，for fear和in case也可引起目的状语从句

  I'll be kind to her lest she decides to leave me. 我要好好待她，以免她决定离开我。

  Shut the window for fear that it may rain. 把窗子关好，以防下雨。

  I shall sit up for a time, in case I'm wanted. 我暂时不睡，以防需要我。

  注意这类从句有时可改为某种短语。如：

  Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 悄悄走进去，以免把宝宝吵醒。

  The wall was built along the river in case of floods. 沿江筑了堤坝，以防有洪水。

  知识点7

  引导结果状语从句的连词

  (1) so...that

  It was so dark that they couldn't see each other's faces. 天是那样黑以至于他们看不见彼此的脸。

  So bright was the moon that the flowers were bright as by day. 月亮是那样亮。花儿就像在白天那样鲜艳。

  (2) such...that

  It gave him such a shock that his face turned white. 这使他那样震惊，以至于他的脸都变白了。

  His idea was such a good one that we all agreed to use it. 他的想法是那样好，我们都决定采用。

  (3) so that引导结果状语从句，表示“因此”。

  One of her lungs is infected a little so that she has to rest. 她的一叶肺有点感染，因此她得休息。

  My pencil fell under my desk, so that I couldn't see it. 我的铅笔掉到书桌下面了，因此我看不到它。

  (4) so引导结果状语从句，表示“所以”“因此”。

  The play began at eight, so they must dine at seven. 戏8点开，所以他们必须在7点吃饭。

  You told me to do it (and) so I did it. 你让我这样做，因此我这样做了。

  注意：so that还可用另一种方式引起结果状语从句。如：

  His heart beat so that he could hardly breathe. 他的心跳得如此厉害以至于都喘不过气了。 Explain it so that a 10-year-old child could understand it. 解释成这样，使10岁的孩子都能听懂。

  (5) otherwise，or else，or，else引起的分句也表示一种结果。

  Give me back my money, otherwise I'll ring the police. 把钱还给我，否则我就给警察打电话了。 Run or else you'll be late. 快跑，要不你就会迟到了。

  引导原因状语从句的连词

  (1) because

  Cheney distrusted me because I was new. 切尼不信任我，因为我是新来的。

  You only do it because you have to. 你这样做是不得已。

  (2) as

  As all the seats were full, he stood up. 由于所有座位都有了人，他就站了起来。

  We don't know what to do as we are not his parents. 我们不知该怎么办，因为我们不是他的父母。

  (3) since

  Since we've no money, we can't buy it. 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。

  Since you are going, I will go too. 既然你去，我也去。

  (4) seeing(that)，considering(that)，now that等词也可引起表示原因的从句

  Seeing(that) she's lawfully old enough to get married, I don't see how we could stop her. 既然她已到了法定结婚的年龄，我不知道我们怎样能阻止她。

  Considering he's only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well. 鉴于他才学了一年的英语，他英语讲得很好了。

  Now that you have come, you may as well stay. 你既然来了，不妨留下。

  (5) 常见的引导原因状语从句的形容词有： annoyed, ashamed, content, delighted, glad, hurt, pleased, satisfied, sorry, surprised等

  I'm glad you're back. 你回来了我很高兴。

  I'm sorry I haven't done as much as I should. 很抱歉，我做得很不够。

  引导让步状语从句的连词

  引导让步状语从句的连词主要有although，though，even though / if，while等。如：

  (1) although

  They are generous although they are poor. 尽管他们很穷却很大方。

  Although still young, he is going very grey. 尽管他还年轻，他的头发却已变得灰白了。

  (2) though

  The speech is good，though it could be better. 这次演讲不错，虽然还可以再好一点。

  (3) even though

  Even though it's hard work, I enjoyed it. 虽然工作艰苦，我还是很喜欢。

  Ben went out, even though it was raining. 尽管在下雨，本还是出去了。

  (4) even if

  He felt all this，even if he didn't find phrases to express it. 这一切他都感觉到了，尽管他找不出言语来表达。

  They'll stand by you, even if you don't succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。

  (5) while

  While we don't agree, we continue to be friends. 尽管我们意见不同，我们还是朋友。While I sympathize, I can't really do very much to help. 虽然我同情，我却不能帮什么忙。

  (6) 让步状语从句也可以用as，however等词来引导。

  Much as he admired her looks and her manners, he had no wish to marry her. 虽说他很欣赏她的外貌和仪态，他却无心和她结婚。

  However much they may desire it, they cannot express the sympathetic feelings. 尽管他们非常想这样做，却无法表达他们的同情。

  (7) 由though，although等引导的状语从句可改为短语。

  The girl, though plain, had a good, kind face. 这姑娘虽说不漂亮，却有一张和蔼善良的脸。

  I went on talking, though continually interrupted by Dussel. 尽管不断被杜塞尔打断，但我还继续谈着。

  Ivan was very lovable although not very tidy. 伊凡很可爱，尽管不太整洁。

  引导方式状语从句的连词

  引导方式状语从句的连词主要有as，like，as if，as though。如：

  (1) as

  I have changed it as you suggest. 我按照你的建议作了改变。

  As you know, she wasn't much good at letter-writing. 正如你知道的，她不善于写信。 (2) like

  Do it like he does. 像他那样做。

  Jerry doesn't speak French like I speak it. 杰瑞讲法语的方式和我的不一样。

  (3) as if

  I love you as if you were my son. 我爱你就像你是我的儿子一样。

  Grace looked a bit queer, as if she knew something. 格瑞丝显得有些古怪，仿佛她知道什么似的。

  (4) as though

  Jason paused as though he found a difficulty. 詹森停了停，仿佛他遇到什么困难似的。Hannah closed her eyes as though she were too tired. 汉娜闭上眼睛，好像她也累了似的。

  有些从句可以改为短语。如：

  The boy started as if awakened from some dream. 这男孩一惊，仿佛从梦中惊醒似的。

  When she had finished, she waited as though for a reply. 她讲完之后等了等，仿佛是在等候回答似的。

  引导地点状语从句的连词

  引导地点状语从句的连词主要有where，wherever，everywhere。如：

  I live where there are mountains. 我住在多山的地方。

  I will find her wherever she may be. 不管她在哪里，我都要找到她。

  Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我到哪里，我都遇到同样的情况。

  引导比较状语从句的连词

  引导比较状语从句的连词主要是than和as。如：

  It is easier than I thought. 它比我想象的容易。

  I myself felt as bad as he did. 我自己也和他一样难受。

  They are as firm as one could expect. 他们就像大家期望的那样坚定。

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