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2019年GRE考试第一季度考情分析[上篇:阅读、数学]

2019/3/26 14:32:30来源:新航道作者:新航道

摘要:今天,新航道上海新航道学校GRE小编给大家整理了关于GRE考试第一季度真题内容,希望对各位接下来备考的考生们有所帮助!

  今天,新航道上海新航道学校GRE小编给大家整理了关于GRE考试第一季度真题内容,希望对各位接下来备考的考生们有所帮助!

  部分学生反映section1的verbal难度有提升,同时后面的section难度有明显降低,此类学生的分数集中在310-320,说明section2的verbal并未上升至高分题库。320+的学生反映逻辑题难度略大,短阅读难度尚可,长阅读依旧是痛点。


  真题回顾:2019 1.19

  Before feminist literary criticism emerged in the 1970s, the nineteenth-century United States writer Fanny Fern was regarded by most critics (when considered at all) as a prototype of weepy sentimentalism—a pious, insipid icon of conventional American culture. Feminist reclamations of Fern, by contrast, emphasize her non sentimental qualities, particularly her sharply humorous social criticism. Most feminist scholars find it difficult to reconcile Fern’s sardonic social critiques with her effusive celebrations of many conventional values. Attempting to resolve this contradiction, Harris concludes that Fern employed flowery rhetoric strategically to disguise her subversive goals beneath apparent conventionality. However, Tompkins proposes an alternative view of sentimentality itself, suggesting that sentimental writing could serve radical, rather than only conservative ends by swaying readers emotionally, moving them to embrace social change.

  Consider each of the choices separately and select all that apply.

  1. The passage suggests which of the following about the contradiction mentioned in the highlighted sentence?

  A. It was not generally addressed by critics before the 1970s.

  B. It is apparent in only a small number of Ferns writings.

  C. It has troubled many feminist critics who study Fern.

  答案:AC

  2. It can be inferred from the passage that Tompkins would be most likely to agree with which of the following about the critics mentioned in the passage?

  A. They accurately characterize the overall result Fern is aiming to achieve.

  B. They are not as dismissive of Fern as some feminist critics have suggested.

  C. They exaggerate the extent to which Fern intended her writing to serve a social purpose.

  D. They wrongly assume that sentimental must be a pejorative term.

  E. They fail to recognize the role that sentimental rhetoric plays to reader’s emotions.

  答案:D

  这篇短阅读是一篇较为典型的艺术评论点文章,共有两道题,一道多选,一道推理题。2019年、2018年(4.28)、2017(5.21)年均出现过这篇文章。

  整体来说这篇文章难度属于中等,第一题中的矛盾点主要在于前文中在1970年前后对于Fern的看法不同,以及一些女权主义者很难去协调Fern讽刺的社会评论和颂扬传统的这两个观点,故选AC;第二题比较简单,根据定位句可知Tompkins认为sentimental writing也可以是激进的,故选D。

  其实艺术评论类文章一直是我们阅读中的一项难点,因为它融入的背景知识很广,除了作品外,它还可能会设计到女权、黑人等一系列社会现象。有趣的是,这篇文章的中的Fern也存在了dual vision,同时也提出这个dual vision的不可协调性。

  下面有一篇类似考点的GRE艺术评论类文章供大家巩固相关知识点。

  In Raisin in the Sun,Lorraine Hansberry does not reject integration or the economic and moral promise of the American dream; rather, she remains loyal to this dream while looking,realistically,at its incomplete realization[出现dual vision].

  Once we recognize this dual vision, we can accept the play's ironic nuances as deliberate social commentaries by Hansberry rather than as the "unintentional" irony that Bigsby attributes to the work. Indeed a curiously persistent refusal to credit Hansberry with a capacity for intentional irony has led some critics to interpret the play's thematic conflicts as mere confusion, contradiction, or eclecticism. Isaacs,for example,cannot easily reconcile Hansberry's intense concern for her race with her ideal of human reconciliation. [出现不可协调的两个观点-既有种族意识,又强调人类的统一]

  But the play's complex view of Black self-esteem and human solidarity as compatible is no more "contradictory" than Du Bois' famous, well-considered ideal of ethnic self-awareness coexisting with human unity, or Fanon's emphasis on an ideal internationalism that also accommodates national identities and roles. [基于上文的不可协调性,通过对比的方式来解释说明]


  真题回顾:2019.1.4&2019.2.22

  An alarming number of Mediterranean monk seals, an endangered species, have recently died. Postmortem analysis showed the presence of an as yet unidentified virus, as well as evidence of a known bacterial toxin. Seawater samples from the area where the seals died did contain unusually high concentrations of the toxic bacterium. Therefore, although both viruses and bacterial toxins can kill seals, it is more likely that these deaths were the result of the bacterial toxin.

  Q:Which of the following, if true, provides additional evidence to support the conclusion?

  A. Viruses are much more difficult to identify in postmortem analysis than bacteria are. B. Mediterranean monk seals are the only species of seal in the area where the bacterium was found.

  C. The bacterium is almost always present in the water in at least small concentrations. D. Nearly all the recent deaths were among adult seals, while young seals are far more susceptible to viruses than are adult seals.

  E. Several years ago, a large number of monk seals died in the same area as a result of exposure to a different bacterial toxin.

  答案:D

  今年这道题出现了两次,是一道典型的strengthen题,有两种原因可能会导致海豹消失:一种未识别的病毒和细菌病毒。推理部分是支持细菌病毒导致了海豹的消失。D选项提出虽然小海豹比较易受病毒的影响比成年海豹,但是最近几乎近期都是成年海豹死亡。

  引申点:成年海豹不太容易受到viruses的影响,但是却死亡了,那么说明很有可能是由于bacterial toxin。整体来说,这道题出的比较隐晦,需要学生对于选项进行深度分析,这也说明近期的逻辑题也确实有一定的难度。

GRE考试培训班


  真题回顾:2019.1.4&2019.3.2

  Writing about nineteenth-century women’s travel writing, Lila Harper notes that the four women she discussed used their own names, in contrast with the nineteenth-century female novelists who either published anonymously or used male pseudonyms. The novelists doubtless realized that they were breaking boundaries, whereas three of the four daring, solitary travelers espoused traditional values, eschewing radicalism and women’s movements. Whereas the female novelists criticized their society, the female travelers seemed content to leave society as it was while accomplishing their own liberation. In other words, they lived a contradiction. For the subjects of Harper’s study, solitude in both the private and public spheres prevailed—a solitude that conferred authority, hitherto a male prerogative, but that also precluded any collective action or female solidarity.

  1. Which of the following best characterizes the “contradiction” that the author refers to?

  A. The subjects of Harper’s study enjoyed solitude, and yet as travelers they were often among people.

  B. Nineteenth-century travel writers used their own names, but nineteenth-century novelists used pseudonyms.

  C. Women’s movements in the nineteenth-century were not very radical in comparison with those of the twentieth-century.

  D. Nineteenth-century female novelists thought they were breaking boundaries, but it was the nineteenth-century women who traveled alone who were really doing so.

  E. While traveling alone in the nineteenth-century was considered a radical act for a woman, the nineteenth-century solitary female travelers generally held conventional views.

  答案:E

  2. According to the passage , solitude had which of the following effects for the nineteenth century female travelers?

  A. It conferred an authority typically enjoyed only by men.

  B. It prevented formation of alliances with other women.

  C. It relieved peer pressure to conform to traditional values.

  答案:AB

  又是一个老生常谈的女权类文章,其实这类文章说难也不难,不外乎是支持的、保留的、折中的,但是这类文章对同学们的词汇量和长难句理解的要求比较高。这篇文章主要讲的是十九世纪女性旅行作品,通过描述19世纪四位女性作家用了自己的本名,以及她们的关于女权的意识,来引出她们处于一种矛盾之中。一方面她们批评她们所处的社会,但是又避免一些激进的行为。她们更喜欢远离社会,但与之同时,她们这种单独行动的做法也排除了其他集体活动或女性联合。


  算数部分:整体难度与之前持平,对于整除、余数和奇偶性考察较多。

 Example 1:100-1000的整数中,能被7整除的数字的比率?(3月17日回忆)

  Example 2:1000内 有多少个数满足条件:5的倍数或7的倍数(3月17日回忆)

  Solution:整除一直是算数考点的一个重点,倍数关系本质上来说和整数可以作为一个知识点。并且相对来说这个知识点不是很难。

  这两题出现在同一场考试中,第一题是较容易的整除题,答案是:

  1000以内7的倍数有:1000÷7≈142(个)

  100以内7的倍数有:100÷5≈14(个)

  所以答案为(142-14)/900=32/225

  第二题相对来说难度有提升,考察了1000以内5和7的倍数有重合的问题。由于5和7这两个数互质,所以既是5的倍数又是7的倍数的,为5*7=35的倍数。

  1000以内5的倍数有:1000÷5=200(个)

  7的倍数有:1000÷7≈142(个)

  35的倍数重复计算了:1000÷(5×7)≈28(个)

  所以是200+142-28=314(个)

  除了常见的3个考点外,ETS在今年的考试中不止一次考察了之前并没有出现过的题型:

  Example 3:将20加在这样一个数据的其中一个因数上,数据是113×123×135×261×293,问加在哪个因数上会使得最后的结果最大?(3月2日回忆)

  Solution:我们先讲解一下这种题目的普遍思路。如果在各个因数上加或者减去一个常数,那么在最大数字上进行加减对于结果的影响是最小的,在最小数字上进行加减对于结果的影响是最大的。

  举个例子,如果一个数字是2×3×4,然后在各个因数上+2来进行比较,如果是加在2上,则结果变成原来的2倍,如果是加在4上,则结果变成原来的1.5倍。所以这题的答案是加在113上会使得最后的结果最大。

  Example 4:1

  A. (r-1)·s·t

  B. r·(s-1)·t

  C. r·s·(t-1)

  D. (r+1)·s·t

  E. r·(s+1)·t

  Solution:这个题我们可以按照例3的思路进行分析,当然这个题要找最接近的,所以应该是在最大的数字t上做变化,所以答案选C,或者直接赋值,也可以得到答案C。

统计学


  这3个月统计学部分相对于标准差以及方差的考点增多,GRE数学考试中,对于方差以及标准差只考察以下几个点:

  1.数字变化和标准方差变化的关系

  2.标准方差的数学意义

  3.标准方差在正态分布中的运用

  虽然平时课程中我们会提到方差和标准差的计算公式牡,但是GRE数学考试中,并不考算法和公式。首先我们需要明确两个核心关系:

  1. 一组数据同时加上或者减去相同数字,标准方差不变;

  2. 同时乘以或者除以相同的数字,标准方差也按照相同的方式变化。

  Example 1 (2月真题回忆):比较1, 11, 111和2, 22, 222之间标准方差哪个大?

  Solution:根据第二个核心关系可以得到2,22,222之间的标准方差比较大

  Example 2(1月真题回忆):Someone needs to import a number of sets of bottles. Each bottle charges $12.04, and it also charges $4.8 for shipping each set (not single bottle but a whole set). The standard deviation of numbers of bottles in each set is 1.5. What is the standard deviation of the prices for each set?

  Solution:这个题首先有一个干扰条件就是4.8美金的运费,因为这个题没有算利润,所以运费没有用。

  其次这个题要构建一个单价,数量和总价的关系,单价×数量=总价。题目已知数量的标准方差是1.5,问总价的标准方差,而大家知道总价和数量的关系是12.04倍,所以又回到前面的知识点,标准方差就是1.5×12.04=18.06

 Example 3:8到44(inclusive)中偶数的标准方差是A,23到59(inclusive)中奇数的标准方差是B,比较A和B的大小。(2月真题回忆)

  Solution:这个题一定要仔细观察两组数据的关系:第二组数据其实就是把第一组数据每个数字+15得到的,所以不影响原来数据的标准方差,所以A=B。

  代数部分整体难度还是体现在应用题上,长题干的题目有明显增多的趋势,很多学生会存在看不懂题目的现象。所以在保证数学知识点过关的基础上,还需要大家多多提升自己的阅读水平。


  几何部分一直是GRE数学考试中的一个得分点,对于想冲击170满分的学生来说,几何题必须要做到全对。近几个月来,几何部分考点大部分依然是圆、三角形等平面几何为主。偶尔会考到圆锥、球体等立体几何

  Example 1(1月真题回忆):有两个装有油的圆柱体,一个圆柱体的底盘面积4π,内有油的高度5;另一个底盘面积 10π,内有油的高度是6。现在将油从第二个圆柱体往第一个倒,使这两个圆柱体最终油的高度都相同,问最终油的高度是多少?

  Solution:这个题可以先算出所有油的体积=80π,然后想象一下如果最终油的高度一样的时候,等于就是一个底面面积是14π的立体图形,所以高度=80π÷14π=40/7

  Example 2(1月真题回忆):圆内有等腰三角形,其中一条边是圆的直径,圆半径为5,求阴影部分面积

  Solution:阴影部分可以看成一个90°圆心角的扇形减去一个三角形之后的面积,扇形面积25π/4,三角形面积25/2,所以答案是25π/4-25/2。

  排列组合&概率

  排列组合作为GRE数学考试中的难点,涉及到的排列组合解题方法通常可以分为以下几种:

  1: 直接代公式

  2: 分组抽选

  3: 依次讨论

  4: 正难则反

  5: 捆绑问题

  6: 重复元素

  7: 逆推

  8: 圆桌排座

  Example 1(2月真题回忆):填花圃,一共有5种颜色,颜色可以重复使用,最多两种相同颜色,且 相同颜色不能相邻,问有多少种组合方法?

  Solution:第一个位置有5种情况,第二个位置还有4种情况,第三个位置不能和第二个位置一样但是可以和第一个位置一样,所以有4种情况,所以一共的组合方法=5×4×4=80种。

  Example 2:At a dinner party, 5 people are to be seated around a circular table. Two seating arrangements are considered different only when the positions of the people are different relative to each other. What is the total number of different possible seating arrangements for the group?

  (A) 5 (B) 10 (C) 24 (D) 32 (E) 120

  Solution:这是一题典型的圆桌排座问题,根据圆桌排座公式,我们可以很快得到答案是C。

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