新航道

  面对托福阅读推理判断题，很多同学经常找不到推理对象的难题，好不容易找到了推理对象又找不到能推断出来的选项内容。那么我们今天就要从推理的出题点、切入点，以及题目逻辑特点来进行分析，帮助大家快速高效掌握推理题。
  不需要推理的推理
  我们都知道，推理判断题的题目特征就是infer, imply, indicate, suggest等有“暗含”“隐喻”的词，那么针对于推理判断题，我们是不是一定要进行复杂而缜密的卷福式的“推理”呢？当然不会啦，请同学们记住，ETS是一个常年累月都在绞尽脑汁的维持自己题目难度保持一致的机构。这也是为什么不论我们参加当年哪一场的托福考试，学校对于分数的要求都没有任何波动的原因。
  所以针对托福当中的任何题型难度也是惊人的万年不变。因此，推理题的答案要以和原文一致为标准，并且考试中经常出现“推理而不推”的情况——就是原文直接对应选项，没有什么改变的“不推的推理题”的情况。
  比如例题：(TPO34-P2-Q1)
  What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about Britain’s short supply of wood in the eighteenth century？
  A. Wood from Britain’s great forests was being exported to other countries for profit.
  B. A growing population had required cutting down forests to increase available land for farming.
  C. Larger families required the construction of larger homes made from wood.
  D. What was left of the great forests after the medieval period was being strictly protected.
  根据题目对应到第一句(切记当题目中有about就拿about后面内容回原文定位)，但信息过少于是看下一句Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had long ago been replaced by fields of grain and hay.
  文中说因为人口增长，英国在中世纪时大部分森林已经被农田和牧草代替，因此木材更加缺乏，但是它却一直都很重要。直接对应选项B。由此可见这并没有什么推理过程。
  固定路径的推理
  固定路径的推理是我们考察内容中非常重要的一点，要从题目和原文共同着手。而固定路径推理又分为两个部分：整体与部分；取反推理。
  1. 整体与部分推理指的就是抽象和实际概念上的范围推理。
  大范围可以推导出对应小范围的内容。比如“中国的陶瓷制品质量非常好”可以推导出“江西瓷器质量不错”因为中国是大范围，江西是其中的小范围，所以这是可以推导出来的。
  例题：(OG-THE ORIGINS OF CETACEANS)
  8. It can be inferred that Basilosaurus breed and gave birth in which of the following locations
  A. On land
  B. Both on land and at sea
  C. In shallow water
  D. In a marine environment
  对应原文这种动物的定位，得知： Basilosaurus was undoubtedly a fully marine whale with possibly nonfunctional, or vestigial, hind legs.
  说明这是一种完全海洋生物，所以在这种大环境下，题目的“breed and give birth ”都是在海洋中。
  选择D
  2. 取反推理指的就是我们所说的相反关系的标志。
  比如“在她来到我们班之前，我是最美的女生”这句话告诉我们一个什么信息呢？“她来了之后我就不是我们班最美的了”。同理，如果推理判断题中有标志性的时间或是事件点，他们前后的相反关系是至关重要的。
  比如例题：(TPO6-P2-Q3)
  Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 2 about canal building？
  A. Canals were built primarily in the south of England rather than in other regions.
  B. Canal building decreased after the steam locomotive was invented.
  C. Canal building made it difficult to study rock strata which often became damaged in the process.
  D. Canal builders hired surveyors like Smith to examine exposed rock strata.
  根据题目对应原文第一句：This was before the steam locomotive, and canal building was at its height.这句话告诉我们，在蒸汽机车出现之前，运河建筑处于顶峰，最高点的状态。说明在那之后，就不再最高。选择B。同理还有TPO33-P3-Q12，TPO19-P3-Q5，TPO4—P3-Q6等。
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  不走寻常路的推理
  不走寻常路就是说推理的范围比较大，要自己选择哪些内容比较重要。例如近期考试中经常出现给两段范围的推理题型。切记，既然题目给你两段的范围，那么一定不会只用到一段的信息。定位到其中一段的位置之后，另一段中一定有些可以联系起来的信息。所以找好切入点至关重要。
  比如例题：(TPO7-P1-Q12)
  Which of the following statements about leading Roman soldiers and statesmen is supported by paragraphs 5 and 6？
  A. They could read and write the Greek language.
  B. They frequently wrote poetry and plays.
  C. They focused their writing on military matters.
  D. They wrote according to their lives.
  根据题目对应到原文： It was no accident that many leading Roman soldiers and statesmen were writers of high caliber.
  可是句子中没有任何可以用来选择的内容，这时一定注意题目给了两段的范围，所以我们根据这句话的信息“高素质的作家”回第五段定位，这时发现，It was absolutely accepted that an educated Roman should be fluent in Greek.高素质证明一定受过教育呀，所以对应到这句之后选择A。
  同理还有例题TPO27-P3-Q4，TPO14-P3-Q1+Q10，TPO11-P3-Q10
  新航道现在有专门针对托福阅读提升的网络直播课，有兴趣的同学们入群进行了解，最后，希望大家可以在托福考试中取得阅读高分。

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