新航道

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  作文机经

  Issue

  Governments should focus on solving the immediate problems of today rather than on trying to solve the anticipated problems of the future.

  Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.

  题目解析

  题干提出观点：政府应集中解决眼前的麻烦而不是试图解决未来可能会遇到的问题。要求对此观点表明你的观点，是同意还是反对到何种程度，并需要解释原因。

  写文章时，先清楚阐述急需解决的问题和未来可能出现的问题之间的关系，且一定要从政府这一角度入手，论证为什么你认为要先解决当前问题或者为什么要解决未来的问题等。

  写作思路

  1.政府急需解决的问题有：贫富差距悬殊，环境污染，失业率增长，就业率过低，义务教育得不到落实等等，这些都是从人民生活实际出发，只有解决了这些，才能使得社会稳定，打好根基等。

  2.未来可能会出现的问题可能是短期内无法准确预知的，虽然提前解决是未雨绸缪，但肯定还是先分清轻重缓急，并没有解决眼前的问题来的急迫和紧要。

  3. 从政府职能出发：先保障人民生活和基本权益，才能更好发展其它方面，比如高科技，军事等领域。如果不及时解决 immediate problems of today，可能会引发更多的anticipated problems of the future，会导致恶性循环，这也不是所有人愿意看到的。

  Argument

  The following appeared in a health magazine published in Corpora.

  "Medical experts say that only one-quarter of Corpora's citizens meet the current standards for adequate physical fitness,even though twenty years ago,one-half of all of Corpora's citizens met the standards as then defined.But these experts are mistaken when they suggest that spending too much time using computers has caused a decline in fitness.Since overall fitness levels are highest in regions of Corpora where levels of computer ownership are also highest,it is clear that using computers has not made citizens less physically fit.Instead,as shown by this year's unusually low expenditures on fitness-related products and services,the recent decline in the economy is most likely the cause,and fitness levels will improve when the economy does."

  Write a response in which you examine the stated and/or unstated assumptions of the argument. Be sure to explain how the argument depends on these assumptions and what the implications are for the argument if the assumptions prove unwarranted.

  题目解析

  Statement 翻译：按照20年前对完全健康的定义当时Corpora一半的居民是完全健康的。今天，医学专家指出全市只有四分之一的市民达到完全健康水平，并指出长时间的使用电脑导致健康状况下降。 但是由于在Corpora电脑拥有量最高的地区居民的总体健康水平却是最高的，显然使用电脑并没有导致市民体质的下降。相反，今年用于健身产品和服务的花费低的异乎寻常，这表明最近经济的衰退是最可能的原因，当经济复苏了健康水平也会随之提高。

  参考提纲

  1.作者没有提供信息说明使用电脑并不是导致身体衰退的主要原因。

  2.作者没有足够的信息说明是经济衰退导致健身产品和服务消费下降，并最终导致人们身体素质下降。

  3.其他因素：作者没有提供对健康标准的定义，可能是标准提高了;没有提供其他可能导致身体水平下降的原因，也可能是统饮食习惯导致的等。

  填空等价机经

  1. The cognitive flexibility of successful fictional detectives is often_____by their cultural ambivalence: detectives' intellectual acumen,it seems,exists indirect proportion to their uneasy place in society.

  A. spurned

  B. spaded

  C. spurred

  D. matched

  E. emaciated

  答案：C

  解析：这道题的意思是说成功的侦探非常灵活，这是他们的文化矛盾所_____：他们的社会地位越是动荡，他们就越发敏锐。(a)唾弃(b)铲除(c)激励(d)匹配(e)消瘦。我们通过后半句可以知道，是社会地位的动荡使得侦探日益敏锐和灵活，对应选项 C 中：spurred。

  2. Professor Ramfield describes in his recent book publishing as dark as it is deep,even as one hidebound industry,indeed, it is facing a profound change in its product model,but is so (i)_____ its past as to be (ii)_____ opportunities offered by technological change.

  Blank (i) Blank (ii)

  A. indebted in D. unable to seize

  B. encumbered by E. capable of seeking

  C. irrelevant with F. definite to circumvent

  答案：BD

  解析：这道题是说Ramfield教授在书里描述说，呆板的产业正在面临产品模型的巨大改变，但是它们太过(i)_____过去，以至于(ii)_____科技改变带来的机会。

  空白(i) 空白(ii)

  A 负债的 D.不能抓住

  B.被阻碍 E.可以寻找

  C.无关 F.明确避免

  可以看出 i 为 B，ii 为 D，答案符合逻辑。

  3. People accustomed to thinking that the human lifespan (i) _____ the outer bounds of animal longevity tend to dismiss tales of musket balls being found in the shells of living turtles.Samantha Romney,however,argues that while such stories may be (ii) _____ ,some turtles do indeed exhibit a phenomenon known as“negligible (iii) _____ ,”showing no signs of aging even as they pass the two-century mark.

  Blank (i) Blank (ii) Blank (iii)

  A. belies D. apocryphal G. rejuvenation

  B. demarcates E. authentic H. superannuation

  C. antedates F. heresy I. senescence

  答案：CDI

  解析：这道题是说有些人认为人类寿命(i)_____动物寿命的极限，通常不会理会乌龟壳上发现子弹的故事。然而 Samantha Romney 认为，这些故事可能(ii)_____，但是一些乌龟确实呈现了一种现象叫做“可以忽略的(iii)_____”，即使经过两个世纪也没有变老的迹象。

  A.掩饰 D.虚构的但却能说明真相的 G.返老回童

  B.划定 E.真实的 H.退休

  C.先于 F.异端邪说 I.衰老

  可以看出 i 为C，ii 为D，iii 为I，答案符合逻辑。

  4. To any observer, ancient or_____, the night sky appears as a hemisphere resting on the horizon.

  A. antiquated

  B. perceptive

  C. modern

  D. astute

  E. contemporary

  F. archaic

  答案：CE

  解析：

  这道题是说对于古代_____的任何观察者来说，夜空就像是地平线上的一半地球。

  A.过时的 B.知觉的 C.现代的 D.机敏的 E.同时代的 F.古代的 这里的“任何”说明要包括古代和现代，所以选择 C.E.

  5. Anthropologists contend that the ancient Mesopotamians switched from grain production to barley after excessive irrigation and salt accumulation made the soil _____ grains.

  A. in different to

  B. in hospitable to

  C. unsuitable for

  D. acrimonious to

  E. benignant to

  F. inured to

  答案：BC

  解析：

  A.B.C.D.E.F.土壤是没有情感的，排除 A.D.E.这里是说土壤不合适谷物生长，所以选择 B.C.

  6. Researchers interested in the nature versus nurture debate use identical twins who were separated at birth to explore which personality characteristics are _____ and which arise through experience.

  A. intractable

  B. nascent

  C. erudite

  D. innate

  E. predilection

  F. inborn

  答案：DF

  解析：

  这道题是说研究人员会研究从出生就分开的双胞胎，看看那些性格特点是_____，那些性格特征是后天的。

  A.棘手的 B.新生的 C.博学的 D.与生俱来的 E.偏好 F.天生的

  这里要和“后天的”形成反义词，所以选择 D.F.

  数学机经

  1. AB is the diameter of the circle. If AF=BF= 3√2，and AC=5, what is the area of square BCDE?

  答案：11

  解析：题干求正方形 BCDE 的面积，根据 AF=BF=3 ，三角形 ABF 为直角三角形，得出AB=6。根据 AC=5，三角形ABC为直角三角形，得出 BC2=AB2-AC2=62-52=11。正方形BCDE 的面积=BC2=11

  2. If the areas of the 4 squares are 50,32,18 and 12,what is the ratio of the small shaded portion to the area of the large shaded portion?(Note: Figure not drawn to scale)

  A. 1:8

  B. 1:6

  C. 1:4

  D. 1:3

  E. 1:1

  答案：D

  解析：题干问小的黑色阴影面积/大的黑色阴影面积等于多少。小的黑色阴影面积=18-12=6，大的黑色阴影面积=50-32=18，所以小的黑色阴影面积/大的黑色阴影面积=6/18=1:3 3. X = sum of the first 31 positive odd integers Y = sum of the first 30 positive even integers Column A：X - Y Column B：30 A. The quantity in Column A is greater B. The quantity in Column B is greater C. The two quantities are equal D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

  答案：B

  解析：已知公式，和=[(首项+末项)*项数]/2. 项数= [(末项-首项)/公差]+1

  X=1+3+5+7+…+31=(1+31)*16/2=256

  Y=2+4+6+8+…+30=(2+30)*15/2=240

  所以 X-Y=256-240=16. 比 30 小，所以选 B.

  4. In a group of 45 children, 60 percent of the children are boys, and 60 percent of the children are left-handed.

  Column A：Number of boys who are left-handed

  Column B：8

  A. The quantity in Column A is greater

  B. The quantity in Column B is greater

  C. The two quantities are equal

  D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

  答案：A

  解析：男孩的数量为 45*60%=27, 用左手的人所占的百分比为 60%, 所以用左手的男孩为27*60%=16.2. 而 B 是 8. 所以 A 更大，所以选 A.

  5. If a truck is traveling at a constant rate of 90kilometers per hour, how many seconds will it take the truck to travel a distance of 600 meters? (1 kilometer =1000 meters)

  A. 18

  B. 24

  C. 30

  D. 36

  E. 48

  答案：B

  解析：题干时速90公里的卡车需要多少秒通过600米的距离。首先换算时速90公里，90,000米/(60*60)秒=25 米/秒，所以时间=距离/速度=600/25=24 秒。

  阅读逻辑机经

  短篇阅读

  What little scholarship has existed on Ernest Hemingway--considering his stature—has focused on trying to unmask the man behind the bravura.Ultimately,most of these works have done little more than to show that Hemingway the myth and Hemingway the man were not too dissimilar (Hemingway lived to hunt big game so should we be surprised at his virility,not to mention that of many of the author's--chiefly male-protagonists).In the last few years,several biographies have reversed this trend,focusing on Hemingway near the end of his life: isolated and paranoid,the author imagined the government was chasing him (he was not completely wrong on this account).Ironically,the hunter had become the hunted,and in that sense,these latest biographers have provided—perhaps unwittingly—the most human portrait of the writer yet.

  1. It can be inferred from the passage that the author considers the latest Hemingway biographies a departure from traditional biographies in that these latest biographies

  A. focus on a much overlooked aspect of the writer's body of work

  B. depict Hemingway in a manner that is at odds with the myth of Hemingway

  C. claim that Hemingway was similar to several of his chief protagonists in his books

  D. suggest that Hemingway lacked the virility many associated with him

  E. do not attempt to explore the link between Hemingway the man and Hemingway the myth

  答案：A

  解析：题干问作者认为最新的海明威传记相对于传统传记的不同点。根据文章第三句话，我们知道，过去几年里一些最新传记反了传统，开始专注海明威晚年生活。我们由此推出，最新传记专注了传统传记忽视的地方，对应选项 A 中：focus…overlooked aspect…writer's…work.

  2. With which of the following would the author of the passage agree?

  A. The prevalence of scholarship on Hemingway is commensurate with his renown as a writer.

  B. The latest Hemingway biographies consciously intended to show Hemingway's vulnerabilities.

  C. Until recently, Hemingway biographies had shown a similar trend.

  答案：B

  解析：题干问文章作者会同意的事实是什么。根据文章第三句话，我们知道，在最新传记中，海明威晚年生活孤独多疑，政府也可能在追杀他。我们由此推出，最新海明威传记表现了海明威的弱点，对应选项 B 中：…latest Hemingway biographies…show…vulnerabilities.

  长篇阅读

  The work of English writer Aphra Behn (1640–1689) changed markedly during the 1680s,as she turned from writing plays to writing prose narratives.According to literary critic Rachel Carnell, most scholars view this change as primarily motivated by financial considerations:earning a living by writing for the theatre became more difficult in the 1680s,so Behn tried various other types of prose genres in the hope of finding another lucrative medium.In fact,a long epistolary scandal novel that she wrote in the mid-1680s sold quite well.Yet,as Carnell notes,Behn did not repeat this approach in her other prose works;instead,she turned to writing shorter,more serious novels,even though only about half of these were published during her lifetime.Carnell argues that Behn,whose stage productions are primarily comedies,may have turned to an emerging literary form,the novel,in a conscious attempt to criticize,and subvert for her own ends,the conventions and ideology of a well-established form of her day,the dramatic tragedy.

  Carnell acknowledges that Behn admired the skill of such contemporary writers of dramatic tragedy as John Dryden, and that Behn's own comic stage productions displayed the same partisanship for the reigning Stuart monarchy that characterized most of the politically oriented dramatic tragedies of her day.However,Carnell argues that Behn took issue with the way in which these writers and plays defined the nature of tragedy.As prescribed by Dryden,tragedy was supposed to concern a heroic man who is a public figure and who undergoes a fall that evokes pity from the audience. Carnell points out that Behn’s tragic novels focus instead on the plight of little-known women and the private world of the household;even in her few novels featuring male protagonists,Behn insists on the importance of the crimes these otherwise heroic figures commit in the domestic sphere.Moreover,according to Carnell,Behn questioned the view promulgated by monarchist dramatic tragedies such as Dryden's:that the envisioned“public” political ideal—passive obedience to the nation's king—ought to be mirrored in the private sphere,with family members wholly obedient to a male head of household.Carnell sees Behn's novels not only as rejecting the model of patriarchal and hierarchical family order,but also as warning that insisting on such a parallel can result in real tragedy befalling the members of the domestic sphere.

  According to Carnell, Behn's choice of literary form underscores the differences between her own approach to crafting a tragic story and that taken in the dramatic tragedies,with their artificial distinction between the public and private spheres. Behn's novels engage in the political dialogue of her era by demonstrating that he good of the nation ultimately encompasses more than the good of the public figures who rule it.

  1. The passage is primarily concerned with

  A. tracing how Behn’s view of the nature of tragedy changed over time

  B. explaining one author’s view of Behn’s contribution to the development of an emerging literary form

  C. differentiating between the early and the late literary works of Behn

  D. contrasting the approaches to tragedy taken by Behn and by Dryden

  E. presenting one scholar’s explanation for a major development in Behn's literary career

  答案：D

  解析：题干问文章主旨，文章介绍了文学评论家 Carnell 的观点，他认为 Aphra Behn 放弃戏剧转向小说的原因是要批判戏剧的本质，所以选择 E：…scholar’s explanation…development…Behn’s…career.

  2. The passage suggests that Carnell sees Behn’s novels featuring male protagonists as differing from dramatic tragedies such as Dryden's featuring male protagonists in that the former

  A. depict these characters as less than heroic in their public actions

  B. emphasize the consequences of these characters’ actions in the private sphere

  C. insist on a parallel between the public and the private spheres

  D. are aimed at a predominantly female audience

  E. depict family members who disobey these protagonists

  答案：B

  解析：题干问的是描述男主人公，Behn 的小说不同于戏剧悲剧的地方在哪里，定位到文章第二段“even in her few novels…commit in the domestic sphere.”，这句话是说 Behn很少有关于男主人公的小说，即使有也就是在强调这些人在家庭里犯下的罪行，所以选择B：…consequences…actions…private sphere.

  3. The passage suggests that Carnell believes Behn held which of the following attitudes about the relationship between the private and public spheres?

  A. The private sphere is more appropriate than is the public sphere as the setting for plays about political events.

  B. The structure of the private sphere should not replicate the hierarchical order of the public sphere.

  C. Actions in the private sphere are more fundamental to ensuring the good of the nation than are actions in the public sphere.

  D. Crimes committed in the private sphere are likely to cause tragedy in the public sphere rather than vice versa.

  E. The private sphere is the mirror in which issues affecting the public sphere can most clearly be seen.

  答案：B

  解析：题干问 Carnell 认为 Behn 对私人领域和公共领域的态度是什么，定位到文章第二段“Moreover, according to Carnell,…obedient to a male head of household”，这句话是说 Carnell 的观点是，Behn 质疑所谓的家庭也要和公共领域一样做到完全服从男性户主，所以选择 B：…private…not replicate…order…public sphere.

  4. It can be inferred from the passage that the “artificial distinction” refers to the

  A. practice utilized in dramatic tragedies of providing different structural models for the public and the private spheres

  B. ideology of many dramatic tragedies that advocate passive obedience only in the private sphere and not in the public sphere

  C. convention that drama ought to concern events in the public sphere and that novel ought to concern events in the private sphere

  D. assumption made by the authors of conventional dramatic tragedies that legitimate tragic action occurs only in the public sphere

  E. approach taken by the dramatic tragedies in depicting male and female characters differently, depending on whether their roles were public or private

  答案：C

  解析：题干问根据文章可以推测出“人为区分”是指什么，定位到文章第二段“According to Carnell, Behn's choice of literary form…between the public and private spheres.”，这句话是说 Behn 选择小说是为了强调自己和戏剧悲剧作家的不同，区别在于小说是写私人领域，而戏剧是写公共领域，所以选择 C： convention…drama…public…and novels…private…

  逻辑阅读

  For more than fifty years,many evolutionary biologists posited that early fish such as Eusthenopteron developed limbs as a result of the need to drag themselves across short distances when their watery habitats dried up during periods of drought. However,new fossil evidence suggests that this hypothesis is incorrect.Fossilized remains of Acanthostega,a primitive fish, reveal that even though the animal had rudimentary limbs,it could not walk on land. Acanthostega lacked ankles,which means that its limbs couldn't support its weight; furthermore,its ribs were too short to prevent the organism’s chest cavity from collapsing once the animal left water.

  1. Which of the following would most strengthen the author's argument?

  A. The fossilized remains of the Acanthostega are the earliest known evidence of early fish.

  B. The modem descendants of Acanthostega are not able to drag themselves across short distances on land.

  C. Biologists have found that some aquatic species can successfully drag themselves across land even though these species do not possess ankles.

  D. Any animal with a collapsed chest cavity is not able to survive long enough to travel even a short distance across land.

  E. Some evolutionary biologists believe that the new fossils are not from Acanthostega.

  答案：D

  原文大意：许多生物学家假设很久以前的鱼长出四肢是为了在陆地上移动很小的距离，但是作者认为最新化石表明即使有四肢也无法在陆地上移动，一是因为没有脚踝不能支持身体重量，二是因为肋骨太短不能防止上岸后胸腔塌陷。

  解析：题干要求选出最可以支持作者结论的选项。我们可以发现作者的观点和第二个原因之间有逻辑漏洞，那就是胸腔塌陷是否一定会无法在路上移动，选项 D 填补了这个逻辑漏洞

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