新航道

  每周三的名师说栏目

  特为广大烤鸭、托友而设

  专门请资深雅思、托福专家

  以专题方式为大家讲解各类备考干货

  前四期还没看过的可以戳链接看回顾

  名师说第一期|目标雅思口语7分该怎样练习?

  名师说第二期|雅思语法中容易混淆的概念

  名师说第三期|托福写作该怎么举例子?

  名师说第四期|三步教你搞定托福口语task1的三选一题型

  今天第五期为我们带来干货内容的是

  上海新航道托福阅读导师—易艳

  她为我们带来的内容是

  托福阅读简化句子题

  易艳

  北京语言大学教育学硕士

  刚开始接触托福阅读的你，看到一长段文章是不是瑟瑟发抖?拿到简化句子题是不是经常被长难句绕得云里雾里，不知道从哪里入手?别急，莫慌!今天我们就以TPO21 Passage2 Question5为例，告诉你怎么抽丝剥茧，让你拨云见日看到答案的曙光。

  第一步：剥逻辑

  拿到原句和四个选项，我们先把逻辑“剥”一遍，看看四个选项和阴影里的原句在逻辑上是否一致。

  简化句子题里常见的逻辑关系有两种：因果逻辑和转折逻辑。这两种逻辑关系，想必你都不陌生，但是需要注意的是，因果逻辑关系词除了because和so这两个老朋友之外，你还需要尽快熟悉due to、owing to、lead to、thereby、therefore、thus、allowing for等新朋友;转折逻辑关系词除了but和however，你还需要把while、whereas、despite、though、nevertheless等谨记于心。

  那现在我们一起来看看阴影里的原句用的是什么逻辑关系词，出现的又是哪种逻辑：

  The temperature increased dramatically in ashort period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth ofthe hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources.

  原句里用的逻辑关系词是allowing for和due to，表示因果逻辑。

  我们再看四个选项：

  A. The resources needed by the growinghunting and gathering population increased rapidly once temperatures rose.

  B. Dramatic temperature increases and thesimultaneous growth of the hunting and gathering population led to the need formore resources.

  C. Higher temperatures led to the existenceof increased resources, thus enabling the hunting and gathering population togrow.

  D. The dramatic temperature increaseoccurred during the few years when abundant resources allowed the hunting andgathering population to grow.

  四个选项里跟原句逻辑关系一致，有因果逻辑关系词的是B选项和C选项。B选项用的因果逻辑关系词是led to, C选项用的因果逻辑关系词是led to和thus。

  第二步：剥结构、语义

  经过上一步剥逻辑以后，我们确定优先要比对的选项是B和C，接下来就要把原句和选项的结构、语义剥出来进行比对，确定正确答案。

  The temperature increased dramatically in ashort period of time (years rather than centuries), allowing for a growth ofthe hunting-gathering population due to the abundance of resources.

  翻译：温度在短时间内急剧增长，使得人口由于资源的丰富得到了增长。

  原因：温度的增长和资源的丰富

  结果：人口的增长

  B. Dramatic temperature increases and thesimultaneous growth of the hunting and gathering population led to the need formore resources.

  翻译：急剧的温度增长以及同时的人口数量增长导致了对更多资源的需求。

  原因：温度增长和人口数量增长

  结果：更多资源的需求

  C. Higher temperatures led to the existenceof increased resources, thus enabling the hunting and gathering population togrow.

  翻译：更高的温度导致了增长的资源，从而导致了人口数量的增长。

  原因：更高的温度，增长的资源

  结果：人口数量的增长

  通过上面我们对原句和选项在结构、语义上的比对发现，B选项出现了因果倒置的情况，C选项和原文一致是正确答案。

  自己来练习下吧~

  这就是托福阅读简化句子题抽丝剥茧的过程，你学会了吗?来试试把下面这个题目的答案剥出来吧。

  TPO3 Passage2 Question3

  原句：Estimates indicate that the aquifercontains enough water to fill Lake Huron, but unfortunately, under the semiaridclimatic conditions that presently exist in the region, rates of addition tothe aquifer are minimal, amounting to about half a centimeter a year.

  A. Despite the current impressive size ofthe Ogallala aquifer, the region’s climate keeps the rates of water additionvery small.

  B. Although the aquifer has been addingwater at the rate of only half a centimeter a year, it will eventuallyaccumulate enough water of fill Lake Huron.

  C. Because of the region’s present climaticconditions, water is being added each year to the aquifer.

  D. Even when the region experiencesunfortunate climatic conditions, the rates of addition of water continue toincrease.

  今天的讲解就到这里啦~

  这样“剥”的方式你get了吗?

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