新航道

  每周三新航道上海学校 名师说栏目

  特为广大烤鸭、托友而设

  专门请资深雅思、托福专家

  以专题方式为大家讲解各类备考干货

  前几期还没看过的可以戳链接看回顾

  名师说第一期|目标雅思口语7分该怎样练习?

  名师说第二期|雅思语法中容易混淆的概念

  名师说第三期|托福写作该怎么举例子?

  名师说第四期|三步教你搞定托福口语task1的三选一题型

  名师说第五期|教你解决托福阅读简化句子题

  名师说第六期|托福听力之生僻的学科词汇真的不要背!

  名师说第七期|详解托福阅读推理题

  名师说第八期|托福口语拿满分?可以!

  今天第九期为我们带来干货内容的是

  托福阅读导师—易艳

  易艳

  北京语言大学教育学硕士

  2016年度新航道上海学校金牌教师

  曾赴英国谢菲尔德大学交换学习一年

  在线拆解托福阅读细节题

  细节题是托福阅读中除了词汇题外出题量最多的题型，是考生备考的时候需要重点关注的主流题型。

  细节题在考察能力上相对来说比较简单，就是考察同义替换的能力，考生需要分辨哪一个选项跟原文是在用不同的表达方式表达同一个意思，因此细节题也是所有考生都需要尽量得分的题型。

  正因为细节题考察的是同义替换的能力，考生在做题的时候就需要切记，不要开脑洞发散思维给自己加戏，一旦想得太多，最后正确率很可能凉凉。

  01、看到细节题我们应该做什么

  拿到细节题，我们要做的第一件事情是根据题干里的关键信息确认好对应的原文，接下去就是精读原文对应的那句话，然后分析四个选项，看哪个选项是原文的同义替换。

  02、以TPO16 Passage1 Question1为例

  我们以TPO16 Passage1 Question1为例来具体看一下细节题的拆解过程：

  Paragraph 1: Trade was the mainstay of the urban economy in the Middle East, as caravans negotiated the surrounding desert, restricted only by access to water and by mountain ranges. This has been so since ancient times, partly due to the geology of the area, which is mostly limestone and sandstone, with few deposits of metallic ore and other useful materials. Ancient demands for obsidian (a black volcanic rock useful for making mirrors and tools) led to trade with Armenia to the north, while jade for cutting tools was brought from Turkistan, and the precious stone lapis lazuli was imported from Afghanistan. One can trace such expeditions back to ancient Sumeria, the earliest known Middle Eastern civilization. Records show merchant caravans and trading posts set up by the Sumerians in the surrounding mountains and deserts of Persia and Arabia, where they traded grain for raw materials, such as timber and stones, as well as for metals and gems.

  Q：According to paragraph 1, why has trade been so important throughout the history of the Middle East?

  A. The rare and valuable metals and stones found in Middle Eastern deserts have always been in high demand in surrounding areas.

  B. Growing conditions throughout the Middle East are generally poor, forcing Middle Eastern people to depend on imported grain.

  C. Many useful and decorative raw materials cannot be found naturally in the Middle East but are available from neighboring regions.

  D. Frequent travel, due to limited water supplies in the Middle East, created many opportunities for trade with neighboring societies.

  首先根据题干里的关键词trade，the history of the Middle East找到对应的原文是第一句和第二句。

  又因为题目问的是 why，我们需要在原文找到对应的因果逻辑，原文的第二句话出现了因果关系逻辑词due to，因此我们需要精读的是第二句话。

  第二句话的意思是说“自从古代以来就是如此，部分是由于这个地区的地质，大部分是石灰石和砂岩，几乎没有金属的矿藏和其他有用的材料”。

  A选项的意思是说在中东沙漠里找到的稀有、有价值的金属和石头在周边地区有高的需求。和原文表达的意思相反，不选。

  B选项的意思是说整个中东生长的条件通常比较贫瘠，迫使中东人依赖进口的谷物。原文未提及，不选。

  C选项的意思是说很多有用以及装饰性的材料不能够在中东的自然里找到但是可以在邻近地区获得。和原文意思一致，正确答案是C。

  D选项的意思是说由于中东有限的水的供应，频繁的出行创造了很多跟邻近社会贸易的机会。原文未提及，不选。

  这就是细节题的拆解过程，记得做题关键：同义替换，勿加戏!

  今天的讲解就到这里啦~

  你都学会了吗?

  对这篇文章有任何问题

  或者下一期想听哪位老师讲解

  想听关于雅思、托福、SAT的什么干货

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  小航一定会竭尽所能为大家答疑解惑!

  名师说下期预告

  托福听力：为什么总是听不懂?

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