新航道

  SATOG阅读词汇之揭秘印第安神话篇

  1. 重要概念类词汇

  Motives/customs/aspiration/tendency/ motivated/mysticism/ambition/introspection / pristine / incomprehensible / deductive / automatically / reserve / civilized / occasion / attempt / formulate / ancestor & descendant / encompass / pleaser / difficulty / philosophical / satisfying / dependable / vanish / monopoly / divergent / cast on / viable / exclusive / perceive / deal in / expedient / dissemination / accomplish / literate / chronological / tribal / preservation / religious rituals / strike / evidence / archaeology / documentation / void / educated guess / expose / abrupt / wrenching / reflection / establish / colonial / current / replenish cultural bias / diversity / argument / anthropological / novelty / stereotype(critical point) / essential / precondition / influence / disadvantage / credential / predecessor / complication / statistics analyses / measurement / fossil / physical / characteristic / artifact / homogenization / universality / scholar / academia / objective / culpable ignorance / error

  2. 观点类用语

  fundamentally/ profoundly / self serving / self righteous / certainly/ simply/ assume seldom /rarely/ preconception(先入为主的观点比较容易形成prejudice & stereotype)/ prejudge/ behold/ wander/ obviously/ ordinary/ must /consistently/ reluctance/misconception/ subjective/particularly/ demanding/ reassuring/ inexact /unreliable/ culture-bound/ absolute/ rigorous/ prejudice/ impression/ initially(最初的想法，与finally & ultimately 对应)/ disillusionment / demythologize(critical 的标志词汇，破除迷信) fantasy/ abandon/ suggest/ debunk/ exclusively/ contradiction(矛盾也是critical 的词汇，在CR中，矛盾通常是指(1)第一人称小说当中的主人公的心里矛盾(2)idealism Vs. realism 的矛盾)/ must/ criticism/ oblivious/ overly/ excessively/ anxious/ faulty /conclusion(下结论之后的观点一般是主要观点)/ unlikelihood/ settle the differences/ rebelliousness/ inertia(懒惰)/self-denial(自我否定是放弃类的词汇，多数不选除非怀此心态者是反面典型)/ / shortage/challenge/ original/ may(原文是可能，选项是事实为错;反正不能算错)/ would/ doubt / declaim(不要与disclaim混淆) acknowledge/ fallible/ beneficial/ possibility/ false

  3. 基本逻辑类用语

  stem from/since/ though/ just/ like/ equivalent/ however/ longevity(这里表示一个事物的延续时间，等同于continuity)/ fuel(生动的表现了因果关系) /but /more/ associate/ with/ outside/ as/ progressive/ in that /but /rather /less than /therefore /drew a parallel /determine /base on

  4. 复杂句型

  (1)Part of problem may well stem from the long-standing tendency of European or Euro-American thinkers to regard Native Americans as fundamentally and profoundly different, motivated more often by mysticism than by ambition, charged more by unfathomable visions than by intelligence or introspection.

  点评： A. stem from 表现的意思是由于，但是为啥这里要用stem这个单词而不用result 或者come呢，原因我想应该和这篇文章作者的意图是有直接关系的，文章中作者想去批判一个根深蒂固的偏见，所以提到这个偏见原因的时候用了stem(根)这个单词的时候是非常合适和生动的。B. motivated 和charged 这两个动词在这句话中的作用是运用过去分词修饰前面的Native Americans的观点，所以这两个单词的意思应该一样的，如果遇到词汇题，那么同学们要学会通过这两个平行动词去确定意思。C. may 和regard…as…是观点标志词，注意may是一种假设不是事实就可以了

  (2)Native Americans, though obviously contemporary with their observers, were somehow regarded as ancient, examples of what Atone Age Europeans must have been like. 点评：A. 插入语要学会跳跃，把他放在文章的最后去读这样读起来比较轻松，否则，你自己就是没事找事了。B. Must have been like看似好像是一种假设语气，但是这里加了must了语气就很极端了，在我看来不够客观，存在潜在的批判点。

  (3)Western historians, cultural-bound by their own approach to knowledge, are apt to declaim that next to nothing, save the evidence of archaeology, can be known of early Native American life.

  点评：A.插入语故技重施B. Save的意思是通过这些证据，科学家可能知道早期NA的生活。

  B.bound & own 在这里的意思是限制的意思，一语道破了这些历史学家的问题，那就是受到文化和自身学术研究方法的限制，换言之，这群人不愿意从别人的文化去思考问题或者做学问。同学们以后都是准备去美国名校读书了，你想想这些名校会选择被这写偏见占据思维了的人吗?显然不会，所以通过SAT阅读就能够知道你的思维是不是一个思想保守，固守偏见的一个人了。

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